Debt deal fails to soothe foreign critics

After President Obama and Congress agreed to a deal over the federal debt ceiling this weekend, Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner called the heads of big companies and banks to get their views on the agreement. They told him it would soothe the markets, and that the greatest dangers to the global economy lay far from U.S. shores.

But the countries that have lent the United States trillions of dollars had a sharply different opinion, reacting to news of the deal — which calls for cutting the national debt by at least $2.1 trillion over a decade — with skepticism, if not outright disdain. The newspaper of China’s ruling party said that “debt problems remain unresolved” and have been “merely pushed off.” Russian Prime Minister Vladi­mir Putin said that the United States is a “parasite” that is “living in debt.”

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The Washington Post's Ezra Klein talks about how the GOP and Democrats came to an agreement despite contentious rhetoric on both sides of the debt ceiling debate and how the United States was able to avoid default. (Aug. 2)

The Washington Post's Ezra Klein talks about how the GOP and Democrats came to an agreement despite contentious rhetoric on both sides of the debt ceiling debate and how the United States was able to avoid default. (Aug. 2)

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Explore the Senate vote on the bill to raise the debt ceiling.
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Explore the Senate vote on the bill to raise the debt ceiling.

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Debt deal’s policy winners and losers

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The head of China’s central bank welcomed the deal to raise the limit but urged Washington to avoid further steps that might hurt investors. “Large fluctuations and uncertainties in this market would undermine the stability of the international financial system and hinder global recovery,” Zhou Xiaochuan said in a statement posted on the central bank’s website.

Despite immediate relief in Washington that a government default had been averted, America’s creditors remain concerned that the political breakthrough did not translate into the far-reaching steps the United States needs to take to restore its financial health.

The agreement fell short even of the goals set by members of both U.S. political parties, who had said the government needs to find at least $4 trillion in savings to bring the national debt under control. Recent promises by political leaders that they would address the dangers posed by ballooning debt only raised expectations that were not met.

The lack of enthusiasm among investors for the deal was reflected in the U.S. markets. Stocks on Tuesday had their worst day in nearly a year, wiping out the gains made so far in 2011. Amid mounting fears that the U.S. economy could be slipping back into recession, both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Standard & Poor’s 500 indexes were down more than 2 percent.

The debt agreement, which won final passage in Congress on Tuesday and was signed by Obama, offers few measures to invigorate the anemic economic recovery.

Nor has the deal allayed all the concerns of credit-rating companies, which have threatened to downgrade the United States if the national debt is not brought to heel — echoing similar warnings made to Greece and other European countries facing debt crises.

“While the agreement is clearly a step in the right direction, the United States, as in much of Europe, must also confront tough choices on tax and spending against a weak economic backdrop if the budget deficit and government debt is to be cut to safer levels over the medium term,” Fitch Ratings said Tuesday.

Meanwhile, Moody’s Investors Service said it had confirmed the government’s AAA rating but placed it on “negative,” indicating it could still downgrade. Moody’s said it would cut the top-notch rating if lawmakers don’t follow through with their promises to bring spending in line with revenues. The firm also said a downgrade could come if the U.S. economy stumbles or interest rates rise significantly on Treasury bonds.

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