In Brazil, Google is in the middle of a battle over free speech

Bloomberg - Brazil, which led the world in requests to block Google content, exemplifies fledgling democracies’ struggle with technology and free-speech rights.

Thailand outlaws insults to its monarchy and aggressively polices violations. Turkey worries about the reputation of its founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Courts there blocked YouTube between 2007 and 2010 because of what they said were videos insulting Ataturk.

India fears words or images that could spark religious violence. In 2007, mobs of enraged Hindu nationalists ransacked cybercafes outside Mumbai after a forum on Orkut, a social networking site owned by Google, posted denigrating comments about a political group’s founder and a 17th-century warrior whom members revered. Last month, India blocked 250 sites to stop the spread of videos showing violent attacks against Muslims, out of concern they could spark reprisals.

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Brazil carefully monitors racial issues and has strict electoral laws that limit criticism of candidates in the runup to elections. There are lawsuits in at least 20 of its 26 states seeking deletion of Google content, according to news reports there. The video that drew controversy last week aired paternity claims against a mayoral candidate in Campo Grande, a state capital in Brazil’s interior.

Google says it resists restrictions it regards as illegitimate but complies with lawful requests from government officials. The company appealed the ruling in the Campo Grande case but blocked the video after the court rejected the appeal and police arrested Fabio Jose Silva Coelho, the top Google official in Brazil.

“Our goal with YouTube is to offer a community that everyone can enjoy and, at the same time, is a platform for freedom of expression worldwide,” Coelho said in a blog post after his brief detention. “This is a great challenge, mainly because a content acceptable in one country may be offensive — or even illegal — in others.”

The company declined further comment.

Many Brazilians criticized the government’s handling of the case and what they see as elevating the rights of political candidates over the free-speech rights of their constituents.

“It’s a step back in terms of freedom of expression, something like we see happening in countries like China,” said Monica Rosina, professor at Fundacao Getulio Vargas Law School. “It’s bad for the Brazilian image abroad.”

Yet the debate itself shows that the idea of free speech has grown deep roots in Brazil, a country that had a military dictatorship as recently as the 1980s.

It also highlights the entrenchment of another democratic ideal — separation of powers. Judges are empowered to do things in Brazil that frustrate officials in other branches of government. Nearly two-thirds of Brazil’s requests to Google for content removals last year came from courts, as opposed to police or other members of the executive branch.

Such tensions are familiar in democracies, young or old.

In June 2010, years into Turkey’s ban on YouTube, President Abdullah Gul publicly complained, “I cannot approve of Turkey being in the category of countries that bans YouTube [and] prevents access to Google.”

He didn’t say it at a news conference. With YouTube blocked, he turned to another high-tech platform, typing out his call for free expression in staccato bursts — on Twitter.

Moura reported from Rio de Janeiro.

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