The Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity has a lot of information about dyslexia. Here are some of the signs of the disorder in people of different ages:
School Days 2011-12
Preschool years
● Trouble learning common nursery rhymes, such as “Jack and Jill”
● Difficulty learning (and remembering) names of letters in alphabet
● Mispronounces familiar words; persistent “baby talk”
● Doesn’t recognize rhyming patterns
● Family history of reading and/or spelling difficulties
Kindergarten and first grade
●Reading errors that show no connection to the sounds of letters on page; will say “puppy” instead of the written word “dog” on a page with a picture of a dog
●Does not understand that words come apart
●Complains about how hard reading is
●Cannot sound out even simple words such as cat, map and nap
●Does not associate letters with sounds, such as the letter b with the “b” sound
Second grade and up
● Very slow in acquiring reading skills; reading is slow, awkward
● Trouble reading unfamiliar words, often making wild guesses
● Avoids reading out loud
● Pauses, hesitates and/or uses “um” a lot when speaking
● Confuses words that sound alike, such as “tornado” for “volcano”
● Mispronunciation of unfamiliar, complicated words
● Seems to need extra time to respond to questions
● Trouble with remembering dates, names, telephone numbers and random lists
● Trouble finishing tests on time
● Extreme difficulty learning a foreign language
● Messy handwriting
— Valerie Strauss
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