The Health and Human Services Department (HHS) employs nearly 65,000 people to run more than 300 programs covering everything from Medicare oversight to preschool education to terrorism preparedness.
With a budget well north of $700 billion annually, the department represents almost a quarter of all federal spending. HHS divisions distribute more money in the form of grants than all other federal agencies combined. HHS also contains the largest insurance company in the nation: it's Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services runs the government-funded Medicare program, which offers health insurance to seniors, and Medicaid, which covers the very poor.
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Government involvement in protecting public health in America has roots almost as old as the nation itself. In 1798, the first Marine hospital was built by an order of Congress to serve ill or disabled sailors. The system of coastal hospitals that developed became the root of today's U.S. Public Health Service, which is now just one small part of the sprawling Health and Human Services Department.
Other health-related offices popped up throughout America's history: A Civil War-era chemistry bureau in the Agriculture Department developed into the modern Food and Drug Administration. A one-room lab on Staten Island was the seed of the massive National Institutes of Health.
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