He emphasized agreement on the main goal: "Iran must not have any nuclear weapons. They must waive any right to the production thereof, and they must renounce the right to even close the fuel cycle."
The two leaders spoke during Bush's nine-hour stopover in Germany on his way to Slovakia, where he plans to meet Thursday with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Later, Bush addressed U.S. troops in Wiesbaden, Germany, delivering a pep talk on the war in Iraq and the global struggle against terrorism.
"There is only one option for victory," Bush said. "We must take the fight to the enemy."
The troops were made up principally of the 1st Armored Division, which served in Iraq.
During their joint press conference, neither Bush nor Schroeder mentioned a rift over Europe's plans to lift a 15-year-old arms embargo against China and resume military sales to that country.
A senior administration official, speaking to reporters en route to Mainz on condition of anonymity, said the United States would talk to the Europeans about the issue in the weeks and months ahead. The official noted that the embargo was originally imposed because of China's 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown, from which about 2,000 people remain in prison.
"So there have been no improvements in human rights to -- in our view, to justify a change in policy," the official said.
The United States remains concerned that lifting the embargo "would have the effect of changing the balance in the Pacific in ways that might put . . . American military personnel at risk," the official said, adding that the Europeans have pledged to avoid any "qualitative or quantitative increase in arms being sent to China."
While the Bush administration does not intend to drop its opposition, the official said, "we are willing to hear how the Europeans intend to make their political commitment a reality."