Debate Pops Open Over Soda Warnings

Groups Argue Over Federal or Industry Limits on Food Ads Aimed at Kids

The food fight is on -- again.

Yesterday, consumer activists and food manufacturers traded rhetorical barbs in the ongoing debate over whether government regulation or stricter voluntary industry standards are needed to address concerns about the marketing of food to children.

A consumer group called on the government to require warning labels on sugar-laden soft drinks, claiming they are the biggest source of calories in the American diet.

Major food manufacturers countered that it is up to the industry to tighten its voluntary advertising rules to address health concerns. The Grocery Manufacturers Association said companies should not be allowed to pay television producers to strategically place their products in shows aimed at children.

Meanwhile, Nickelodeon, the nation's top children's television channel, said some of its most popular characters -- SpongeBob SquarePants, Dora the Explora and Blue from "Blue's Clues" -- will soon start appearing on packages of carrots and spinach and on milk cartons with the goal of enticing kids to eat healthful food.

The varying perspectives on how to address childhood obesity and unhealthful eating habits came the day before a two-day workshop, sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Federal Trade Commission, which will explore the effectiveness of the television industry's self-regulation efforts.

The government-chartered Institute of Medicine called last year for such a panel and urged the industry to develop strict advertising guidelines, after noting that the incidence of obesity has more than doubled in children since 1970.

The institute said food and beverage advertisers spend $10 billion to $12 billion a year to reach children. Although advertising has not been linked directly to obesity, it added, "it is evident that advertising increases food-purchase requests by children to parents, has an impact on children's product and brand preferences and affects their consumption behavior."

FTC Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras has made it clear that the workshop will not lead to new government rules. She told a group of lawyers this spring that "this is not the first step toward new government regulations to ban or restrict children's food advertising and marketing." However, she called on the food industry to "be a positive force" in encouraging more healthful eating habits among children.

Some consumer activists say the government needs to step in. The Center for Science in the Public Interest, which has aggressively sought stricter food labels and standards, yesterday asked the Food and Drug Administration to require health warnings on soft drinks. "Drinking too much non-diet soda may contribute to weight gain," was one suggestion. "Drink fewer non-diet soft drinks to help prevent tooth decay" was another.

"We recognize that such messages won't immediately solve the obesity problem -- but they would be a useful reminder to both adults and kids to drink less," said the group's executive director, Michael F. Jacobson. The average 13- to 18-year-old boy drinks two 12-ounce cans of soda a day; the average teenage girl, 1 1/3 cans, Jacobson said.

The proposed warnings were attacked even before they were announced. The Center for Consumer Freedom -- a nonprofit group funded by restaurant chains -- ran full-page ads in some national newspapers yesterday. "CSPI bases its policy suggestions on the premise that people cannot make good food and beverage decisions without government intervention in the form of bans, taxes, lawsuits and restrictions," the ad said.