Chipping Away at Campaign Reform

Despite what you may have heard, it's not true that Democrats and Republicans in Washington can't agree on anything.

In July, they united in passing a $286 billion transportation bill that busted through President Bush's supposed spending ceiling and provided goodies that almost every member of Congress could brag about at home.

If there is one cause that motivates the politicians more than the pursuit of pork, it is the protection of their own custom-made districts, shaped by computers and backroom negotiations to spare them the inconvenience of competition on Election Day.

California is the prime example of this bipartisan conspiracy to entrench incumbents. The largest delegation in the House -- 53 members strong -- is almost completely insulated from involuntary change, thanks to a deal the delegation's key Republicans negotiated with the Democratic legislature in Sacramento when lines were being drawn after the 2000 Census.

But Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has threatened to upset the cozy arrangement by sponsoring a November ballot initiative that would take redistricting authority away from the legislature and hand it to a panel of retired judges.

Naturally, the California representatives, regardless of party, see this as a threat. With Schwarzenegger free under California law to raise millions to support this and other initiatives, the House members wanted to raise a kitty to fight him.

But they ran into a little snag. The campaign finance law they passed in 2002, known as the McCain-Feingold bill, banned federal officials from soliciting unlimited "soft money" contributions "in connection with any election." That meant that while Schwarzenegger, as a state official, could go for the big money, these poor members of Congress whose careers were in jeopardy would be limited to a few thousand bucks per donor.

Not to worry. The law is administered by the Federal Election Commission, whose six members are famously responsive to the members of Congress who put them in their jobs.

Two lawmakers from California -- Republican John Doolittle and Democrat Howard Berman, reelected last year with 65 percent and 71 percent of the vote, respectively -- asked the FEC for an "advisory opinion" on whether the November initiative balloting is an "election" under the meaning of the statute.

Some election lawyers contend otherwise, but the general counsel of the FEC told the commissioners the answer was unmistakably "yes," citing an earlier ruling when a similar question arose on an Arizona initiative.

But then the California delegation began to apply its muscle. Conveniently, Congress has permitted informal communication with FEC commissioners, provided that they put on the record the substance and source of the lobbying.

The three Republican commissioners said they were contacted by Doolittle. Commissioner Michael Toner reported that "Congressman Doolittle contended that Governor Schwarzenegger does not speak for the Republican Party in advocating passage of the redistricting initiative," adding that his "position was contrary to the views of the White House, the Republican National Committee and the Republican House delegation in California."