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Biological evolution concerns changes in living things during the history of life on earth. Naturalist Charles Darwin called the process "descent with modification." It involves changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next, as well as the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations.
Creationism is an umbrella expression that includes numerous beliefs -- sometimes conflicting -- about how life developed on earth. All include the belief that God created everything in the universe, and all believe Darwin's theories to be in error.
U.S. courts have ruled that "creation science" is a religious view and that it is unconstitutional to present creation science as legitimate scholarship in public schools.
A new challenge to evolution has come from advocates of " intelligent design ," a theory that says that life is too complex to have developed without an intelligent designer. Critics say that it is another form of creationism, although advocates deny that.
SOURCES: National Academy of Sciences online book for teachers, "Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science"; National Center for Science Education; Institute for Creation Science; Discovery Institute.
