Muhammad's Metamorphosis Impresses Some Trial Observers

John Allen Muhammad strides into the Montgomery County courtroom looking every bit the lawyer. Gone is the orange jumpsuit he wore in Virginia when he was sentenced to death. Gone, too, is the hair that towered over him as he prepared for trial in Maryland.

He now wears suits and ties. He carries with him a stack of legal papers, shuffling them purposefully at the defense table. He speaks the language of law, begging the "court's indulgence" and asking that a "continuous objection" be noted for the record.

Although lawyers and other observers say a conviction is a near certainty, Muhammad's trial is providing fresh and sometimes surprising glimpses into the man accused in the 2002 sniper rampage that instilled fear across the region. Because he is acting as his own attorney, the trial, now in its third week in Rockville, has showcased Muhammad's personality and demeanor to a degree that his Virginia trial did not.

"You'd think he'd be rambling and off the wall," said Matthew E. Bennett, a Rockville lawyer who, after observing Muhammad in the courtroom, rated his performance "above average for a layperson."

The outlines of a strategy for sowing reasonable doubt have begun to emerge: Emphasize that witnesses did not see him shoot anyone, suggest that victims' injuries could have been caused by a gun other than his, and raise the possibility that repeated sightings of white box trucks could point to culprits still at large.

Muhammad's approach to fighting murder charges in the six slayings in Montgomery resembles the approach his attorneys took in Virginia, where he lost. And it might not overcome the strong ballistics and other scientific evidence that prosecutors promised in their opening statement.

In the jury's presence, Muhammad has said nothing of the elaborate conspiracy theory attributed to him by a psychiatrist: that he was framed because he knew of then-Attorney General John D. Ashcroft's secret role in the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. He is not recognizable as the man that the psychiatrist, hired by his former attorney, diagnosed as "clearly psychotic, delusional, paranoid and incompetent to assist his attorneys, much less represent himself."

Instead, standing behind the defense table, Muhammad the trial advocate addresses witnesses as "sir" or "ma'am." At times, he laughs appropriately. Other times, he relishes catching witnesses in minor contradictions. He speaks softly, mumbles and sometimes stumbles over his words.

"Ma'am," he said last week to a prosecution witness, "are you, uh, trained in terminal ballistics?"

"I've received some training in ballistics . . ."

"Ma'am, yes or no," he interrupted, in true lawyerly fashion. "Are you trained in terminal ballistics?"

Although he has a high school education and no formal legal training, Muhammad was ready with a response on another occasion last week when prosecutors said he was trying to introduce a report improperly. "Your honor, I'll establish a foundation," he volunteered.