Savings Tumble Poses Risk to Boomers

WASHINGTON -- People are saving at the lowest level since the Great Depression, and that could be a problem for the millions of baby boomers getting ready to retire.

In fact, the Commerce Department reported Thursday that the nation's personal savings rate for all of 2006 was a negative 1 percent, the worst showing in 73 years.

The negative rate means people are spending all of the money they have left after paying taxes _ and then some. They are dipping into savings or increasing their borrowing to finance current spending.

It's no surprise to Nancy Harvin, 44, of Washington. "I struggle with saving myself," she said in an interview. "I think we are consumer-driven. We have to have things."

Scott Cooke, 48, said he was starting an interior design business in the Washington area and didn't have the resources to save.

"I'm living from check to check," he said.

Surveys indicate the nation's spendthrift ways are not likely to change any time soon. More than a third of 2,000 adults questioned recently by the Pew Research Center said they often or sometimes spend more than they can afford.

The young and the poor have the most trouble saving. Some 42 percent of people 18 to 49 said they are likely to spend more than they can afford. Among those with household incomes below $30,000, some 45 percent said the same.

The 1 percent negative savings rate in 2006 followed a 0.4 percent negative rate in 2005. There have been only four years in history that the savings rate has fallen into negative territory. The other two were 1932 and 1933 during the Great Depression.

During the Depression, when as many as one in four people were out of work, households were exhausting savings in order to pay the rent and buy food.

Last year's negative rate was attributed not to a lack of jobs but to good economic developments _ including low interest rates that made it attractive to borrow money to make purchases and also to refinance home loans.

While the Federal Reserve was raising interest rates for part of last year, those increases followed an extended period when the Fed had driven rates down to the lowest levels in more than four decades.

Low interest rates helped to fuel a boom in housing purchases, which in turn helped to drive home prices higher. That led to a surge in mortgage refinancings with people using their higher home values to get money to spend on other things.

Refinancings gave homeowners an additional $900 billion to spend last year, a big factor in driving the savings rate lower.

Another factor at work is the rising income inequality in the country. The rich, who traditionally save the most, don't feel the need to save as much any more because their net worth has been soaring with fatter paychecks for those at the upper levels of the income scale. They have also benefited from a rebounding stock market.

"Wealthy individuals have become very wealthy and they now have a larger nest egg and therefore they are spending more of their current income than they have historically," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Economy.com.

The savings rate is computed by taking the amount of personal income left after taxes are paid, an amount known as disposable income, and subtracting the amount of people's spending.

The Pew survey, which had a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 2.5 percentage points, found that people with college degrees were more likely to say they were saving enough compared to those with less education _ 41 percent to 29 percent.

The near-record low savings rate is occurring at a time when 78 million baby boomers are preparing to retire. The oldest of the boomers will turn 62 next year, the first year they will be eligible to collect Social Security.

As the nation's largest generation retires, that will further depress savings because typically retirees are drawing down their accumulated savings in an effort to make up the difference between the salaries they earned on the job and their smaller Social Security and other pension payments.

"We have to face the question of whether we are anywhere near where we need to be with our savings to see us through," said David Wyss, chief economist at Standard & Poor's in New York.

Wyss said the savings rate is likely to rise back into positive territory but to remain at extremely low levels as more boomers retire.

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Associated Press Writers Ann Sanner and Will Lester and AP news survey specialist Dennis Junius contributed to this report.