Housing Boom Tied To Sham Mortgages

The Treasury Department received a record 37,313 mortgage fraud reports in 2006, 10 times more than in 2000. But the true incidence is almost certainly higher because the government gets reports only from regulated institutions, not including the nation's 53,000 mortgage-broker firms.

"Nobody wants to go in there and expose how big this is," said Chris Klein, a finance manager at Howard Hanna Mortgage Services, a Pittsburgh mortgage broker, echoing the comments of several brokers around the country. "In the industry as a whole, it's a running joke. If you want to get a loan done, any loan, you can get it done."

Hill's 'Business Model'

Phillip Hill allegedly ran small-scale frauds in Florida and elsewhere for years, and he was caught and convicted in one case. But when he arrived in Atlanta in the late 1990s, that past was invisible. It is now apparent that he came to town with big plans.

Described as soft-spoken but charismatic, Hill broke into the city's elite circles by throwing lavish parties at an estate a few blocks from the Georgia governor's mansion. Influential people began coming to him for their housing needs. Hill rented homes to several prominent Atlanta figures, including Robert L. Nardelli, the former chief executive of Home Depot.

Prosecutors said Hill and his accomplices sought short-term loans from friends and associates, including business leaders and professional athletes. The ring bought homes, then transferred them to straw buyers Hill had recruited. Using inflated appraisals and other doctored papers, the group took out big mortgages that allowed it to repay the short-term loans and pocket hefty sums.

Some home prices were inflated by 100 percent or more. One estate was pumped from $1.9 million to $5.5 million in two weeks, according to court documents. Hill's personal take from the scheme is estimated at $14.5 million, prosecutors said.

Prosecutors think most of the straw buyers, some just college students, did not know what Hill was doing with their names and credit histories. Several later testified that Hill's attorney flipped through loan documents so fast at closing that they hardly read what they were signing. Most apparently thought they were becoming the owners of homes Hill would maintain and rent out to make the monthly payments.

In truth, neither happened. Most homes fell into disrepair. Others were stripped of their appliances and fixtures, including the mansion where Hill hosted his cocktail parties. As the scam unraveled, more than 300 homes fell into foreclosure.

Mortgage lenders later acknowledged that they failed to perform basic checks into hundreds of Hill loans. They estimated their losses at $41 million. Some of that will be absorbed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the huge government-created housing corporations in Washington that help package home loans into bonds for sale on Wall Street.

At trial, defense attorneys argued that Hill was unaware that his "business model" was against the law and that his underlings doctored loan applications without his knowledge. The jury did not buy it. On March 14, Hill was convicted of 166 counts of fraud and money laundering. He has not been sentenced, but after the verdict, Judge Thomas W. Thrash said Hill "is looking at spending the rest of his life in prison."

Hill's attorney, Bruce H. Morris, said his client maintains his innocence and plans to appeal.

Nine accomplices, including appraisers, real estate agents and closing attorneys, were convicted. Thirteen others pleaded guilty. Many straw buyers saw their credit ruined.