Drummer Max Roach; Architect of Bebop

He and Lincoln, who were married from 1962 to 1970, recorded two other albums and continued to live in the same Manhattan apartment building for years. She was his second wife.

His survivors include a daughter, musician Maxine Roach, and a son, actor Daryl Roach, from his first marriage, to Mildred Roach; a son, Raoul Roach, from another relationship; and twin daughters, Ayodele Roach and Dara Roach, from his third marriage, to Janus Adams Roach. All three marriages ended in divorce.

Beginning in 1972, Mr. Roach taught at the University of Massachusetts and lectured on music throughout the country. He worked with avant-garde musicians Cecil Taylor, Anthony Braxton and Archie Shepp; formed a drum ensemble, M'Boom Re: Percussion; and appeared with gospel choirs, symphony orchestras, brass quintets and Japanese drummers. He also composed music for dance pieces by Alvin Ailey and for plays by Sam Shepard.

In the 1980s and '90s, Mr. Roach often performed with a string quartet that included his daughter Maxine on viola. He played drums in spoken-word concerts with writers Toni Morrison and Amiri Baraka and sometimes accompanied hip-hop artists.

When asked why he would perform with rappers, Mr. Roach replied, "The world of organized sound is a boundless palette." (He drew the line at jazz fusion.)

He made his final recording, with trumpeter Clark Terry, in 2002.

Trim, dapper and typically attired in a suit and tie, Mr. Roach was a man of dignity who demanded respect for his art. Late in his career, he rejected the term "jazz" altogether, saying it relegated his music to second-rate venues and low pay. He assumed the role of elder statesman, shining the light of his music from the past into the future.

"The thing I notice about this music," he said in 1991, "is that every generation is allowed to make a contribution. You're 'obliged,' is a better way of saying it. You're obliged to make a contribution."