Atkins Diet Can Raise Heart Risks

People on the Atkins diet had increased levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol, more constricted blood vessels and an increase in blood markers for inflammation, some by as much as 30 percent or 40 percent, the researchers said.

The results were less clear for the Ornish or South Beach regimens. In those diets, markers for inflammation remained stable or dipped by up to 20 percent, the researchers found.

Another study followed up on reports from the 1970s that Mormons experience fewer deaths from heart disease.

Previous researchers had assumed that a prohibition on tobacco use among Mormons was the reason, but the current researchers hypothesized that there were additional factors at play.

Indeed, people who reported fasting regularly had a lower risk of developing coronary artery disease. The study adjusted for various factors including resting on the Sabbath, avoiding tea and tobacco, and age and body mass index.

The study did not put a time limit on fasting, but the religious teachings of Mormons do include fasting once a month for about 24 hours.

It could be that self-proclaimed fasters have better control of their diet in general, or fasting may prompt some kind of protective biological mechanism, said Benjamin Horne, senior author of the study, director of cardiovascular and genetic epidemiology at Intermountain Medical Center and adjunct assistant professor of biomedical informatics at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.

Still, the study has raised more questions than it has answered, including whether to fast at all and for how long, he said. Horne warned that diabetics, in particular, should not start fasting until more is known.

A final study, this one of almost 2,500 individuals, confirmed that moderate alcohol consumption (one to two drinks daily) was associated with a reduced risk of angina one year after having a heart attack, compared to both abstinence or heavy alcohol consumption. Drinking too much (more than four drinks a day) was associated with an increased risk of angina, said researchers from St. Luke's Hospital in Kansas City.

How does one find the healthiest lifestyle in the midst of all this information?

"We recommend weight loss in a slow and consistent manner rather than a crash course," said Bonow, who is also Goldberg Distinguished professor at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and chief of the division of cardiology at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago.

Bonow offered what he believes is a quick nutritional checklist for health: "Exercise and paying attention to calories in and out, lots of fruits and vegetables, less saturated fat, milk products should be skim, fried foods are bad, omega-3 fatty acids are good."

More information

For more on diet and nutrition, visit the American Heart Association.

SOURCES: Michael Miller, M.D., director, preventive cardiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, and associate professor, medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Robert Bonow, M.D., immediate past president, American Heart Association, Goldberg Distinguished Professor, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and chief, division of cardiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago; Benjamin Horne, Ph.D., director, cardiovascular and genetic epidemiology, Intermountain Medical Center and adjunct assistant professor, biomedical informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Nov. 6, 2007, presentations, American Heart Association annual meeting, Orlando, Fla.