Putting In a Good Word or Two for Sustainable Gardening

Virtually synonymous with sustainable landscaping, permaculture is a collection of activities each of us can do in our living spaces that, taken cumulatively, can make a difference. Under this system, resources seldom leave the property. Every element is reused or generated on-site. Wastewater is filtered through plants and used to irrigate vegetables. Organic material is composted. Electricity is generated. Water can be pumped by wind.

Rain garden

A saucer-shaped depression, three to six inches deep, that is planted with native grasses and perennials. The hollowed area and plants collect rain and allow it to slowly percolate into the ground instead of running off into our streams and rivers. See what's being done locally by Pepco at http://www.potomacriver.org/arbc/rgphotos.htm.

Sustainable

Supporting our planet's needs by conserving our water, air, soil, forests, lakes and oceans.

Wetlands

Terrain that stays wet or floods regularly. Wetlands feed aquifers that supply us with drinking water. It's important that they are protected from fertilizer and pesticide runoff, as water is a basic need for all plants and animals and a crucial habitat for both.

Wetlands remediation

In most jurisdictions, the replanting of swampy places with native plants after they are disturbed by excavation or construction. The goal is to restore the wetlands' ability to handle runoff and recharge aquifers.

Wildflower meadow

Usually a mix of grasses, annuals and perennials growing in open, sunny fields, meadows can be created to mimic those found in nature. Plants are usually native. Generally started from seed, they appear more natural at maturity. They require good timing (sow in summer) and lots of patience (at least three years) for a balanced planting that will return annually.

Wildlife habitats

Food, water and shelter are necessities for wildlife to remain in the garden. Learn the needs of the types of wildlife you wish to attract. Birds, bees, butterflies, toads, turtles, snakes, rabbits and chipmunks, deer and foxes have their own needs.

Joel M. Lerner is president of Environmental Design in Capitol View Park, Md. E-mail or contact him through his Web site, http://www.gardenlerner.com.