FBR's Awful Truth

There was a time when lots of us were rooting for Friedman, Billings, Ramsey, the homegrown investment bank. With its strong bench of analysts, its focus on financial services and technology, its scrappy trading desk and a loyal network of institutional investors eager to buy up whatever it was selling, FBR was the Washington upstart determined to beat Wall Street at its own game.

But in the decade since it began selling its shares to the public, FBR seems to have careened from one disaster to another, losing billions of dollars for its customers and investors and constantly restructuring itself to give the illusion of reinvention. One of the founders was forced to resign from the firm after a federal investigation into whether the company had given inside information about one of its customers to another. Its own stock is so beaten down -- from a high $28 four years ago to yesterday's close of $1.93 -- that investors are pricing it at less than the company's book value.

Sad as it is to say, I'm coming to the conclusion that FBR has come to represent everything that's bad about Wall Street, quick to jump on every fad, substitute hype for solid research and earn big fees for peddling junk.

Let us recall, for example, that FBR was an active financier and cheerleader for the tech and telecom boom of the late '90s, putting its customers' money and prestige behind dozens of flameouts that included LifeMinders, WebMethods and Varsity Books.

In between bubbles, it took the lead in funding a Bermuda reinsurance company that entered the market just in time to get buried under two of the worst hurricanes in history.

FBR became an underwriter for the residential real estate bubble, helping to finance New Century Financial, Luminent Mortgage Capital, Thornburg Mortgage and American Home Mortgage.

In 2005, FBR decided to jump into the subprime pool with both feet, paying more than $100 million to acquire originator First NLC and losing hundreds of millions of dollars more before taking the firm into bankruptcy earlier this year.

A financial whiz I know compiled for me a list of all the stock offerings FBR underwrote between 2001 and 2007, both public IPOs as well as the private placements in which FBR specialized. He found that if you'd invested in all of them on the day they started trading, you'd be down now by about 20 percent. That compares with a gain of 20 percent on the Standard and Poor's 500-stock index, or a loss of 9 percent on the S&P Financial index.

Of course, investment banking is only part of FBR's business -- and at this point, the only profitable part, although even that is now questionable, given the market turmoil and the dramatic slowdown in new issues. But it's worth noting that in the past two years, when other financial firms were posting record profits from proprietary trading (buying and selling securities with the firm's own money) and asset management (collecting fees for running hedge funds and mutual funds), FBR managed to lose money in both areas.

Not that it would have been easy for an investor -- or a business journalist -- to come up with a clear picture of what was going on at FBR. No sooner would something go wrong than a press release would appear announcing some new strategy or structure or the shift of assets from one pocket to another. One day FBR is an investment bank, the next a tax-free real estate investment trust with a taxable investment bank subsidiary. Then, when the REIT starts to crash, it spins off the investment bank as a separate entity, selling part to a private-equity firm and then, a few months later, another part to the public.

This is the kind of hocus-pocus that financial sharpies engage in when they can't succeed by delivering good value to customers and investors. With FBR, it's a case of being too clever by half.

What's most galling, however, is how well FBR's top executives have done for themselves despite all the misjudgments and setbacks. One founder, Russ Ramsey, was clever enough to cash out and leave shortly after the initial public offering. And before the recent troubles, Manny Friedman and Eric Billings made themselves two of the highest-paid executives in the region, with annual compensation packages approaching $10 million each.