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Toward Energy Self-Sufficiency In Some Surprisingly Simple Steps
Efficient Heating, Cooling
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Standard heating and cooling systems rely on heat pumps, central air conditioning and gas- or oil-powered furnaces.
· Heat pumps. A high-efficiency heat-pump system provides the same comfort as its standard-efficiency brethren but uses 10 to 20 percent less energy. A heat pump is the most efficient system for the money invested. The expense is about 15 percent to 20 percent more than the cost of a standard system and, as a result, these pay for themselves in three to five years.
Advantages: Refrigerant that's less damaging to the environment than the refrigerant used in standard systems. Zoned systems put energy only where needed instead of everywhere. Why heat the whole house when you need the warmth only on the first floor? Will cool even when outside temperatures top 100 degrees.
Disadvantages: Costs more initially. Needs a backup heat source if temperature goes below 20 degrees outside. This backup can be electric or fossil fuel (propane, fuel oil) and is designed to kick in as needed.
· Geothermal. This system uses the natural heat of the earth to heat and cool a house. It works well in large and small homes but requires electricity to run.
Advantage: Extremely efficient.
Disadvantages: The initial outlay is sizable, and although it is efficient, you remain on the grid.
· Radiant heat. This system consists of pipes installed beneath the floor that heat the floor. Similar to hot water baseboard heat, it is a low-temperature radiator system that runs through every square foot of your floor. Electricity does not work well for this system and so is not recommended. Propane is the fuel of choice, though solar energy can complement this system.
Advantage: Less expensive than geothermal.
