CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 82% 12% 92% 2% 1997 72 23 82 3 1996 65 23 82 4 1995 81 11 89 3 1994 72 21 92 2 1993 71 25 91 3 1992 14 80 81 6 1991 24 71 87 3 1990 16 82 88 5 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 93 1997 86 1996 88 1995 91 1994 93 1993 94 1992 88 1991 93 1990 94	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 90% n/a 6% 8 % 1997 100 100 10 4 1996 80 100 6 0 1995 100 100 13 8 1994 95 100 27 0 1993 100 100 0 4 1992 95 83 13 4 1991 100 100 20 0 1990 100 83 23 4
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

CALIFORNIA 13 : East Bay - Oakland; Hayward; Santa Clara

In contrast to its neighbors across the Bay, the 13th is dotted with many working-class communities, along with closed naval bases to the north and mud flats to the south. It is often described as the less glamorous side of the San Francisco Bay area. A large minority population and sizable industrial presence have given Democrats a solid base of support.

The Oakland portion of the district includes very little of that city's population but does take in the Oakland International Airport and Network Associates Coliseum - home of the Athletics (baseball) and Raiders (football) - as well as industrial and storage facilities, many no longer in operation. Just south of Oakland is San Leandro, originally settled by the Portuguese, which has a significant manufacturing presence and contributes many blue-collar votes to the Democratic Party.

Fremont and Hayward are the two largest cities in the district. Hayward is home to a campus of the California State U. system, while Fremont hosts an auto plant run by General Motors and Toyota. Both cities have become more oriented toward high-tech industries than the rest of the district as Silicon Valley has extended its influence to the East Bay.

Major Industry
Industrial machinery, electronic equipment, food product processing

Population
572,333 (1990)

Cities
Fremont (pt.), 173,339; Hayward (pt.), 111,495; San Leandro (pt.), 68,108; Union City, 53,762 (1990)

People
100% urban; 9% age 65+ (ranks 37 of 52 in state; bottom third nationally); 59% married couples, 29% married couples with children; 22% college educated (ranks 25 of 52 in state; top third nationally), 63% white collar (ranks 21 of 52 in state; top third nationally); 27% blue collar (ranks 15 of 52 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Race
64% white, 7% black, 19% Asian; 18% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$43,877 (ranks 13 of 52 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Fremont, birthplace of the McDonald's Quarter Pounder; Daniel Best, one of the co-founders of Caterpillar Inc., was from San Leandro; Olympic gold medalist Kristi Yamaguchi born in Hayward and resides in Fremont.

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