CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 23% 74% 94% 5% 1997 29 71 97 3 1996 33 66 94 5 1995 15 83 97 2 1994 47 51 94 4 1993 30 67 94 4 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 99 1997 99 1996 99 1995 99 1994 98 1993 95	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 5% n/a 100% 96 % 1997 0 0 90 92 1996 0 0 100 100 1995 0 0 100 88 1994 5 11 100 95 1993 5 8 100 100
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

CALIFORNIA 25 : Northern Los Angeles County; Lancaster; Palmdale

The 25th takes in roughly the northern half of Los Angeles County. Its population is divided into the northeastern Antelope Valley, the western Santa Clarita Valley and the upper San Fernando Valley in the far southwest, including a portion of Los Angeles. The district leans Republican and has a large, upper-class, white majority.

Compared to the rest of the district, the San Fernando Valley is more affluent but votes more moderately. This is primarily a residential area, with electronics and aerospace manufacturing on the west side. More conservative Santa Clarita Valley is also suburban, but attracts manufacturing that cannot afford to locate in Los Angeles proper. The 25th's fastest-growing area is the Antelope Valley in the desert, home to Lancaster and Palmdale.

Economically, the 25th has suffered more from the dwindling aerospace industry than from the 1994 earthquake that collapsed buildings and a major freeway. The B-2 bomber program in Palmdale is being phased out, and the district has been aggressively recruiting non-defense manufacturing jobs in an effort to replace it.

Major Industry
Aerospace, manufacturing, construction

Military Bases
Edwards Air Force Base (shared with 21st District), 4,545 military, 9,080 civilian (1998 est.)

Population
573,189 (1990)

Cities
Los Angeles (pt.), 180,546; Santa Clarita (pt.), 110,642 (1990); Lancaster, 127,100; Palmdale, 117,300 (1998 est.)

People
88% urban; 8% age 65+ (ranks 45 of 52 in state; bottom third nationally); 63% married couples, 34% married couples with children; 23% college educated (ranks 21 of 52 in state; top third nationally); 66% white collar (ranks 17 of 52 in state; top third nationally), 23% blue collar (ranks 27 of 52 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Race
80% white, 5% black, 6% Asian; 16% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$46,480 (ranks seventh of 52 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Northridge section of Los Angeles, epicenter of a major earthquake (6.6 on the Richter scale) on Jan. 17, 1994; Vasquez Rock formations in Agua Dulce, named after the famous bandit Tiburcio Vasquez, who used the rocks as a hideout, also served as the town of Bedrock in the movie "The Flintstones."

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