CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 34% 63% 73% 27% 1997 47 53 71 29 1996 49 49 71 28 1995 35 62 80 19 1994 65 29 65 30 1993 64 35 69 28 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 99 1997 99 1996 98 1995 99 1994 95 1993 98	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 20% n/a 83% 56 % 1997 50 50 60 44 1996 40 45 80 63 1995 25 17 88 58 1994 30 33 91 57 1993 40 58 91 63
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

CALIFORNIA 38 : Long Beach; Downey; Lakewood

Moderate Republicans with liberal social views fare well in this largely middle-class, residential district, despite a strong Democratic voter registration advantage. The 38th takes in about two-thirds of the coastal city of Long Beach and stretches north to include the inland cities of Paramount and Downey.

While Downey is middle- to upper-class and leans Republican, Paramount is a blue-collar, Democratic city and about 60 percent Hispanic. Politically mixed Long Beach is the district's largest city and has the nation's busiest container port. The city's Cambodian population in the southwest is said to be the largest outside of Cambodia. Schoolchildren in Long Beach speak more than four dozen languages.

Defense cuts, coming on the heels of the 1980s depression, seriously hurt the district; it lost 58,000 jobs when its naval station, hospital and shipyard closed in the 1990s. Since then, the economy has been clawing its way back, although area leaders met fierce resistance when they tried to lease the closed naval station to COSCO, a Chinese shipping company.

Major Industry
Service, aerospace, high-tech

Population
572,676 (1990)

Cities
Long Beach (pt.), 296,670 (1990); Downey, 99,700; Bellflower, 66,640 (1998 est.)

People
100% urban; 12% age 65+ (ranks 13 of 52 in state; middle third nationally); 46% married couples, 21% married couples with children; 21% college educated (ranks 26 of 52 in state; middle third nationally); 62% white collar (ranks 23 of 52 in state; top third nationally), 25% blue collar (ranks 22 of 52 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Race
69% white, 8% black, 9% Asian; 25% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$34,364 (ranks 26 of 52 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Long Beach known as "The Sinking City" in the 1950s and is still pumping water into the ground to replace oil lost to drilling; The Queen Mary docked at Long Beach; Long Beach home to the Aquarium of the Pacific, the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach, and former home of the Hughes Flying Boat, or HK-1 "Spruce Goose," the world's biggest wooden airplane, flown by Howard Hughes.

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