CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 20% 78% 91% 7% 1997 24 73 93 4 1996 29 68 91 4 1995 16 81 91 4 1994 33 67 88 6 1993 25 71 91 2 1992 80 19 90 6 1991 80 16 84 6 1990 69 28 84 11 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 95 1997 94 1996 93 1995 95 1994 96 1993 92 1992 94 1991 90 1990 95	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 5% n/a 71% 100 % 1997 0 0 80 88 1996 10 18 94 100 1995 0 0 91 88 1994 0 33 73 100 1993 5 8 91 100 1992 15 27 88 100 1991 5 27 78 100 1990 6 17 86 96
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

CALIFORNIA 52 : Inland San Diego and Imperial counties

The 52nd is located in the state's far southeastern corner, which borders Mexico and Arizona. It includes agricultural Imperial County and about half of suburban San Diego County, about 10 miles east of San Diego. The population includes a mix of blue- and white-collar employees who vote predominantly Republican. San Diego's large military and defense-related workforce also contributes to the district's conservative personality.

The bulk of the district's San Diego County residents are in three suburban cities on the western edge of the 52nd: El Cajon, the largest of the three, La Mesa and Spring Valley. Economically, La Mesa is a bit better off than the other two, and votes a bit more Democratic, though heavily Republican San Diego continues to make the 52nd a GOP stronghold.

Border issues, particularly illegal immigration, drugs and wastewater treatment, are key with constituents. In the district's agricultural area, east of El Centro, irrigation is an issue for wheat growers and other farmers, who produce nearly $1 billion in crops annually and depend on the Colorado River. San Diego imports about 90 percent of its water.

After years of slow economic growth, the late 1990s marked a turn-around, particularly in the city of El Cajon, where property values and home sales rose dramatically. Three casinos also have helped some of the 52nd's dozen Indian reservations.

Major Industry
Technology, manufacturing, agriculture

Military Bases
El Centro Naval Air Facility, 300 military, 300 civilian (1998)

Population
573,355 (1990)

Cities
El Cajon, 94,490; La Mesa, 57,973; Santee, 56,538; (1998); Spring Valley (pt.), 51,197 (1990)

People
69% rural; 11% age 65+ (ranks 23 of 52 in state; bottom third nationally); 58% married couples, 29% married couples with children; 17% college educated (ranks 34 of 52 in state; middle third nationally); 59% white collar (ranks 28 of 52 in state; middle third nationally), 25% blue collar (ranks 22 of 52 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Race
84% white, 3% black, 3% Asian; 22% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$33,046 (ranks 30 of 52 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Salton Sea, state's largest man-made water body (shared with 44th); Glamis Sand Dunes.

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