CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 27% 73% 91% 8% 1997 32 68 92 8 1996 37 63 89 11 1995 21 76 93 6 1994 51 49 90 8 1993 32 68 92 8 1992 70 30 85 14 1991 71 29 88 12 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 99 1997 99 1996 99 1995 99 1994 98 1993 99 1992 99 1991 99	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 10% n/a 100% 96 % 1997 20 13 100 84 1996 0 0 100 95 1995 5 0 100 84 1994 20 11 100 95 1993 5 0 91 92 1992 5 25 75 84 1991 15 8 100 80
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

MICHIGAN 4 : North Central - Midland

Forests and farms cover the 16 central Michigan counties that make up the 4th, Michigan's second-largest district. The white pine forests north of Midland, the district's largest town, were once some of the most bountiful logging lands in the state. Now, retirees and vacationers build second homes in the sparsely populated woods, and tourists come to ski, camp and hunt in these remote, north-central counties.

Midland, on the district's eastern border, is home to Dow Chemical and Dow Corning, producer of chemicals, plastics and silicone products. Dow Chemical's international headquarters sits on a 1,900-acre campus in Midland, giving the city more engineers, chemists and metallurgists per capita than any other city in the nation. The town finds itself vulnerable to Dow's corporate restructuring, but it also has benefited from Dow's generous philanthropy, with churches, schools and libraries built by the Dow fortune.

South of Midland, the district turns agricultural. Farmers, who till fields of sugar beets, dry beans, corn, wheat and oats, worry about free trade, price supports and crop insurance. The predominance of farms and small towns throughout the 4th makes it a reliably Republican district for congressional races, though Clinton did well here. In 1992, Clinton eked out a victory by 1,200 votes, and in 1996, he won the district with 47 percent of the vote.

Major Industry
Tourism, agriculture, chemical and plastics manufacturing

Population
580,890 (1990)

Cities
Midland (pt.), 37,819 (1990); Mount Pleasant, 23,092; Owosso, 15,861 (1996)

People
72% rural; 12% age 65+ (ranks eighth of 16 in state; middle third nationally); 64% married couples, 30% married couples with children; 13% college educated (ranks 11 of 16 in state; bottom third nationally); 49% white collar (ranks 13 of 16 in state; bottom third nationally), 32% blue collar (ranks fifth of 16 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Race
97% white, 1% black, 0% Asian; 2% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$25,898 (ranks 13 of 16 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Famous native: William E. Upjohn, founder of pharmaceutical-maker Upjohn Co. (now Pharmacia & Upjohn).

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