CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 74% 26% 84% 16% 1997 63 37 77 23 1996 76 24 85 15 1995 77 23 91 9 1994 77 23 93 7 1993 73 27 92 8 1992 16 84 96 4 1991 29 71 95 5 1990 19 81 95 5 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 99 1997 100 1996 100 1995 100 1994 100 1993 100 1992 100 1991 100 1990 100	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 95% n/a 33% 16 % 1997 80 100 40 24 1996 75 82 31 15 1995 75 100 21 24 1994 90 100 42 5 1993 90 100 18 13 1992 90 92 25 4 1991 95 92 10 5 1990 94 100 21 4
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

MICHIGAN 9 : East Central - Flint; Pontiac

Flint, the birthplace of General Motors in 1908, gave rise to the modern labor movement 30 years later when sit-down strikes at two Flint plants forced the auto giant to recognize the power of the United Auto Workers union.

From the turn of the century until the late 1960s, both Flint and Pontiac, 30 miles south, grew along with the American auto industry. Then the 1970s oil shock and an increase in inexpensive imports undercut demand for GM cars and drove the district's economy into a downward spiral. The U.S. auto industry has recovered from its 1970s slump, but jobs continue to be lost to automation and overseas production. Although GM jobs are not as plentiful, the auto industry has also given rise to a number of small, spin-off companies that employ a significant number of people in the district.

Both cities, strongly influenced by the UAW, vote overwhelmingly Democratic. They're joined by Lapeer County to the east, also Democratic but less strongly so. The 9th also includes 40 percent of Oakland County, one of the wealthiest counties in the nation and home to the American headquarters for DaimlerChrysler. Voters in Oakland County, staunchly Republican, make the district competitive for the GOP, but even that does little to undermine the Democratic majority in the 9th.

Major Industry
Auto manufacturing, electronics

Population
580,908 (1990)

Cities
Flint (pt.), 140,761 (1990); Pontiac, 70,471 (1996); Waterford (unincorporated) (pt.), 66,692 (1990)

People
77% urban; 9% age 65+ (ranks 14 of 16 in state; bottom third nationally); 54% married couples, 26% married couples with children; 18% college educated (ranks seventh of 16 in state; middle third nationally); 55% white collar (ranks fifth of 16 in state; middle third nationally), 30% blue collar (ranks ninth of 16 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Race
79% white, 18% black, 1% Asian; 3% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$34,737 (ranks seventh of 16 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Flint native Michael Moore's documentary film, "Roger & Me," chronicled the effect of GM's layoffs in the 1980s; Lapeer County Courthouse is the oldest working courthouse in Michigan.

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