CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 79% 9% 84% 5% 1997 77 16 90 4 1996 68 22 91 3 1995 87 8 94 1 1994 71 24 92 2 1993 63 17 70 2 1992 10 72 69 4 1991 23 75 91 2 1990 16 81 86 3 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 90 1997 91 1996 92 1995 95 1994 95 1993 71 1992 75 1991 93 1990 89	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 80% n/a 20% 0 % 1997 95 100 30 4 1996 90 91 13 0 1995 90 100 8 8 1994 100 100 25 5 1993 80 100 0 0 1992 90 89 13 0 1991 95 100 20 0 1990 78 100 15 0
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

MICHIGAN 14 : Parts of Detroit; Harper Woods; Highland Park

The auto industry kept Detroit humming for most of this century. The early factories drew people from rural Michigan, Appalachia, the South and Eastern Europe. Then race riots during the summer of 1967 and the oil crisis of the early 1970s sparked an evacuation of the Motor City. White residents fled to the suburbs, and auto makers moved to Mexico and non-union U.S. towns, leaving Detroit with some of the poorest and most crime-ridden neighborhoods in the nation. In 1960, 1.7 million people lived in Detroit. Today, the city barely exceeds 1 million residents.

The 14th, which covers the residential neighborhoods that sprang up north of Detroit's auto plants, has a few communities of professionals and white-collar city employees. It also has seen a few signs of economic renewal. Kmart built a new store in the district, the first national chain to move into the city in years. Property values are beginning to pick up, and crime rates are starting to fall - additional signs that Detroit's worst days may be past.

Michigan's two Detroit districts, the 14th and 15th, deliver overwhelming Democratic margins, often offsetting the heavy Republican influence in the state's southeastern districts. The only Republican outposts in the 14th are a few small, affluent towns at the district's outskirts, including Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores.

Major Industry
Auto and auto parts manufacturing, health care

Population
580,977 (1990)

Cities
Detroit (pt.), 517,514 (1990); Highland Park, 19,788; Grosse Pointe Woods, 17,828 (1996)

People
100% urban; 12% age 65+ (ranks 12 of 16 in state; middle third nationally); 38% married couples, 18% married couples with children; 12% college educated (ranks 14 of 16 in state; bottom third nationally); 54% white collar (ranks seventh of 16 in state; middle third nationally), 28% blue collar (ranks 11 of 16 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Race
29% white, 69% black, 1% Asian; 1% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$25,079 (ranks 14 of 16 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Nation's first paved road: Woodward Avenue, between 6 Mile and 7 Mile roads (1909); Nation's first freeway: Davison Freeway, connecting Detroit and Highland Park (1942).

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