CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 76% 13% 82% 6% 1997 67 23 85 6 1996 76 20 88 3 1995 74 17 86 5 1994 67 15 79 2 1993 74 20 86 2 1992 11 64 70 4 1991 21 69 83 3 1990 11 82 88 4 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 82 1997 90 1996 90 1995 90 1994 83 1993 88 1992 77 1991 86 1990 91	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 95% n/a 31% 9 % 1997 85 100 33 9 1996 85 91 20 0 1995 85 92 14 14 1994 85 100 25 0 1993 95 100 10 5 1992 80 82 14 0 1991 90 100 13 0 1990 94 100 31 4
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

NEW YORK 10 : Parts of Brooklyn - Bedford-Stuyvesant; Brooklyn Heights

The 10th arcs from Brooklyn's industrial waterfront to Jamaica Bay, encompassing one of New York's most economically and ethnically diverse constituencies. More than one-fourth of the district's residents live at or below the poverty line, but communities like Brooklyn Heights - partially included in the 10th's western portion - are some of the city's wealthiest. The 10th is homogeneously Democratic and has elected the same liberal black representative since 1982.

The 10th experienced a series of boundary changes in the 1990s due to redistricting challenges to the 12th District, formulated in 1992 to create a Hispanic-majority seat. That year, many of the 10th's Hispanic neighborhoods were moved to the 12th, and the 10th was left with a nearly two-thirds black majority. A federal court in 1997 ruled that the 12th was unconstitutionally gerrymandered, but the subsequent redistricting changed the 10th only slightly and did not dilute the district's black majority.

Erosion in the 10th's manufacturing base has caused a scarcity of employment in the 10th. Joblessness has aggravated poverty, violent crime and racial tensions in some working-class and low-income communities like East New York, Bedford-Stuyvesant and Canarsie.

Major Industry
Government, higher education, small business, pharmaceuticals

Population
580,337 (1990)

Cities
New York (pt.), 580,337 (1990)

People
100% urban; 10% age 65+ (ranks 27 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally); 35% married couples, 18% married couples with children; 15% college educated (ranks 26 of 31 in state; middle third nationally); 66% white collar (ranks 11 of 31 in state; top third nationally), 19% blue collar (ranks 18 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Race
Non-Hispanic: 24% white, 56% black, 2% Asian; 18% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$22,977 (ranks 28 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Spike Lee's film, "Do The Right Thing," set in Bedford-Stuyvesant.

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