CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 80% 15% 91% 4% 1997 80 20 95 3 1996 78 18 95 4 1995 84 12 93 3 1994 71 26 94 2 1993 74 23 94 1 1992 9 89 90 3 1991 19 71 86 3 1990 17 77 93 2 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 95 1997 96 1996 97 1995 96 1994 96 1993 94 1992 92 1991 87 1990 94	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 90% n/a 25% 0 % 1997 95 100 30 8 1996 95 91 19 0 1995 100 100 13 4 1994 95 78 42 0 1993 100 100 0 4 1992 95 91 13 0 1991 100 100 10 0 1990 88 100 14 0
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

NEW YORK 16 : South Bronx

New York's 16th, covering the distressed neighborhoods of the South Bronx, is the poorest district in the nation. More than 40 percent of its residents live in poverty. But South Bronx's neighborhoods have started to turn around, thanks to grass-roots community work and a federally granted empowerment zone.

The South Bronx, overtaken by the post-World War II influx of Hispanics to New York City, has since 1970 elected Democrats of Puerto Rican origin to the House. The district is also home to many African, and South and Central American immigrants, and has one of the lowest non-Hispanic white populations in the nation, at 4.2 percent. The 16th gave an astounding 94 percent of its vote to Clinton in 1996, his highest percentage in the nation. But like many districts with large minority and immigrant populations, voter turnout is low.

In recent years, single-family homes and low-rise housing have started to spring up, often filled by people who grew up in the district and worked their way out, now returning to help rebuild the neighborhoods. Light manufacturing firms also have set up shop, replacing some of the heavy industry that moved out decades ago. Yankee Stadium, just inside the district's boundaries, has so far survived threats from owner George Steinbrenner to move the team out of the borough.

Major Industry
Health care, light manufacturing

Population
581,053 (1990)

Cities
New York (pt.), 580,338 (1990)

People
100% urban; 7% age 65+ (ranks 31 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally); 28% married couples, 15% married couples with children; 6% college educated (ranks 31 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally); 47% white collar (ranks 31 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally), 27% blue collar (ranks sixth of 31 in state; middle third nationally) (1990)

Race
Non-Hispanic: 4% white, 33% black, 2% Asian; 59% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$15,060 (ranks 31 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Bronx Zoo; New York Botanical Gardens.

© 2002 The Washington Post Company