CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 82% 17% 93% 6% 1997 83 15 92 5 1996 86 14 93 5 1995 86 13 96 4 1994 82 18 97 2 1993 84 16 95 3 1992 13 87 96 3 1991 24 74 95 3 1990 14 83 94 4 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 97 1997 95 1996 98 1995 98 1994 97 1993 98 1992 99 1991 97 1990 97	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 100% n/a 35% 8 % 1997 95 100 40 8 1996 90 82 31 0 1995 90 100 25 4 1994 85 89 42 10 1993 90 92 18 4 1992 100 92 25 0 1991 100 100 20 0 1990 100 100 21 4
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

NEW YORK 18 : Parts of Westchester - Bronx and Queens counties

This paisley-shaped district starts in southeastern Westchester County, which has two-thirds of the district's population and some of New York's most affluent communities. From there, it moves south and covers a part of the East Bronx that borders the Long Island Sound, making environmental issues salient to the 18th's constituents. The district then snakes down a block-wide corridor of Flushing into central Queens. This tail gives the district its small Asian population and several Jewish neighborhoods.

As a whole, the 18th is a residential district that leans Democratic, but not overwhelmingly. Westchester County has a Republican base but enough affluent Democratic voters to make it competitive. The 18th's most Democratic sections are the low- to middle-income portions of New York City and its other urban areas, including portions of New Rochelle, White Plains and Yonkers.

The 18th has the largest portion of Yonkers, which was involved in a lengthy federal court battle over housing and school discrimination that ended with a court-ordered plan to build scattered-site housing and magnet schools. The district excludes the minority neighborhoods of Yonkers, Mount Vernon and New Rochelle, all of which are in the minority-influenced 17th.

Major Industry
Health care, higher education

Population
581,021 (1990)

Cities
New York (pt.), 191,751; Yonkers (pt.), 114,743; New Rochelle (pt.), 56,570 (1990)

People
100% urban; 17% age 65+ (ranks second of 31 in state; top third nationally); 56% married couples, 23% married couples with children; 33% college educated (ranks fourth of 31 in state; top third nationally); 72% white collar (ranks fifth of 31 in state; top third nationally), 16% blue collar (ranks 28 of 31 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Race
Non-Hispanic: 74% white, 7% black, 8% Asian; 10% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$43,754 (ranks eighth of 31 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Thomas Paine Cottage and Museum; St. John's U.; Hudson River Museum; City Island.

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