CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 82% 17% 94% 3% 1997 81 17 94 4 1996 81 15 94 4 1995 83 15 91 7 1994 64 36 91 8 1993 72 26 91 5 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 97 1997 97 1996 98 1995 98 1994 99 1993 96	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 100% n/a 17% 4 % 1997 100 100 22 12 1996 95 100 13 0 1995 85 92 38 32 1994 75 78 67 14 1993 95 100 18 9
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

OHIO 13 : Northeast - Cleveland, Akron and Youngstown suburbs

The 13th, an odd, H-shaped district in the northeast, borders both the Akron and Cleveland metropolitan areas. The western stem of the "H" contains part of Lorain and Medina counties, while the eastern stem covers Geauga and parts of Portage and Trumbull counties. Those two strips are connected by a band of suburbs along the Ohio Turnpike.

Although Cleveland's rapid growth has seeped into surrounding suburbs and rural Portage County to the east, industrial areas in Lorain County have struggled to replace jobs as automobile and steel plants there shut down.

An industrial, blue-collar heritage in Lorain County and the suburban neighborhoods nearest to Cleveland gives the 13th an overall Democratic lean. Reagan Democrats dominate the heavily ethnic Lorain County and the suburban band to the south of Cleveland. In more rural counties to the south and east, voters lean Republican both locally and nationally, yet their sparse populations make them less influential in congressional contests. The urban Catholic Democrats and rural Protestant Republicans are roughly divided by the liberal area around Oberlin College, whose residents took a strong anti-slavery stance in the 19th century and continue to crusade for social reforms.

Major Industry
Auto and auto parts manufacturing, steel, agriculture

Population
570,838 (1990)

Cities
Lorain, 69,800; Elyria, 56,729; Brunswick, 31,641 (1996)

People
57% urban; 11% age 65+ (ranks 17 of 20 in state, bottom third nationally); 66% married couples, 32% married couples with children; 17% college educated (ranks 10 of 20 in state, middle third nationally); 54% white collar (ranks 11 of 20 in state, middle third nationally); 32% blue collar (ranks eighth of 20 in state, top third nationally) (1990)

Race
94% white, 4% black, 0% Asian; 3% Hispanic origin

Median Household Income
$34,725 (ranks first of 20 in state, top third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Sea World of Ohio; Oberlin College, founded in 1833, the first coeducational institution of higher learning in the United States.

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