CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 46% 52% 32% 66% 1997 36 64 23 77 1996 57 43 50 49 1995 41 59 52 48 1994 68 32 80 20 1993 66 33 85 15 1992 21 78 89 9 1991 26 74 82 17 1990 19 81 86 14 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 97 1997 99 1996 99 1995 99 1994 99 1993 98 1992 98 1991 99 1990 100	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 45% n/a 61% 64 % 1997 25 75 60 76 1996 55 91 44 50 1995 55 75 63 48 1994 65 100 42 33 1993 75 92 45 21 1992 85 90 50 8 1991 85 100 20 15 1990 72 92 29 13
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

OHIO 17 : Northeast - Youngstown, Warren

The 17th, bordering Pennsylvania in the northeastern part of the state, includes all of Mahoning and most of Columbiana and Trumbull counties. Once a leading steel-producing area, the Mahoning Valley now symbolizes industrial decline; the steel mills that remain are silent and abandoned.

Despite some economic diversification, young people searching for opportunities often look elsewhere, and the population of most cities has declined. Manufacturing in the region has grown significantly, however, and a major expansion project at the regional airport, which houses a large Air Force Reserve base, intends to make it an international air cargo hub.

The 17th District has been one of Ohio's most Democratic for much of the 20th century and cast Ohio's second-highest vote for Clinton in 1996. The district's remaining blue-collar base, ethnic communities and black populations in Youngstown and Warren are important Democratic forces. Although the Republican vote increases south of the industrial Mahoning Valley, their numbers are too small to make much of a difference overall.

Major Industry
Automobile assembly and wiring, manufacturing

Military Bases
Youngstown Municipal Airport Air Force Reserve Station, 1,307 military, 510 civilian (1997)

Population
570,963 (1990)

Cities
Youngstown, 87,405; Warren, 48,347 (1996); Boardman (unincorporated), 38,596 (1990)

People
64% urban; 16% age 65+ (ranks first of 19 in state; top third nationally); 58% married couples, 25% married couples with children; 12% college educated (ranks 15 of 19 in state; bottom third nationally); 50% white collar (ranks 14 of 19 in state; bottom third nationally), 35% blue collar (ranks fourth of 19 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Race
89% white, 10% black, 0% Asian; 1% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$25,220 (ranks 16 of 19 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
Mill Creek Park in Youngstown is one of the nation's largest urban parks at 2,530 acres; Salem was a Quaker center of anti-slavery activity in the 1800s.

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