CQ Voting Studies are an annual analysis of a member's support or opposition to a given position. Interest Group Ratings are based on rankings from groups chosen to represent liberal, conservative, business and labor viewpoints.Voting Participation scores are based on the number of times a member voted "yea" or "nay" on roll call votes (not including quorum calls in the House). CQ Vote Studies Year Presidential Support Party Unity   S* O* S O 1998 78% 18% 88% 8% 1997 74 26 87 13 S=Support; O=Oppose
Voting Participation Year % 1998 97 1997 99	Interest Groups Year ADA AFL-CIO CCUS ACU 1998 100% n/a 39% 4 % 1997 75 100 56 26
Note on Interest Groups: ADA=Americans for Democratic Action; AFL-CIO=American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; CCUS=Chamber of Commerce of the United States; ACU=American Conservative Union

TEXAS 28 : South San Antonio; Zapata

The 28th starts in southern San Antonio and heads south through brush country to the Mexico border. The district's population center is in the low- and middle-class communities of San Antonio, while the southern part of the district is mostly sparsely populated agricultural land. Residents in this Hispanic-majority district are among the least-educated in the nation and among the poorest in the state.

San Antonio's five military bases sustain the economy in the northern part of the 28th. The area faces a major blow from the reduction and eventual closure of Kelly Air Force Base, the largest base in the 20th and a major employer for the 28th's Hispanic residents. But while other industries help keep San Antonio afloat, there is not much in the way of enterprise in the south, where the unemployment rate remains high.

Democrats do well in the 28th at every level. However, Republicans have been elected in the white, middle-class suburbs of the northeast section of San Antonio. A large Catholic influence gives the 28th a socially conservative bent.

Major Industry
Defense, agriculture, tourism

Military Bases
Brooks Air Force Base, 1,998 military, 2,381 civilian; Randolph Air Force Base, 5,680 military, 6,545 civilian (1997)

Population
566,477 (1990)

Cities
San Antonio (pt.), 261,501; Alice (pt.), 14,984; Seguin (pt.), 14,948 (1990)

People
58% urban; 11% age 65+ (ranks 13 of 30 in state; bottom third nationally); 61% married couples, 34% married couples with children; 8% college educated (ranks 30 of 30 in state; bottom third nationally); 47% white collar (ranks 26 of 30 in state; bottom third nationally), 32% blue collar (ranks fourth of 30 in state; top third nationally) (1990)

Race
69% white, 9% black, 1% Asian; 60% Hispanic origin (1990)

Median Household Income
$20,276 (ranks 29 of 30 in state; bottom third nationally) (1990)

Unusual Features
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park; Caro Brown, the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for journalism, worked at the Alice Daily News during the 1940s and '50s.

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