Fashion & Beauty: Skin Sense Fashion & Beauty
Prevent and Protect
BY RACHEL HERSCHENFELD, M.D. - DERMATOLOGIST

"No Shoes, No Shirt, NoWorries" ran a recent headline in an article describing the rise in nudist vacations. I was happy to note that although most of the visitors in the pool shown in the accompanying picture had shed their clothes, they were still wearing hats and sunglasses to protect them from the bright sunlight. I can only hope they had applied their sunscreen as well. Certainly this extent of sun exposure highlights the importance of total body skin exams for the detection of skin cancers and precancerous skin lesions.

The American Academy of Dermatology sponsors free skin cancer screening clinics every year in May, as part of its education and outreach efforts during Melanoma/Skin Cancer Detection and Prevention month. These screenings, along with exams by dermatologists in their offices throughout the country, will likely contribute to the detection of more than 1 million cases of skin cancer in the U.S. this year. The good news is that most patients diagnosed with skin cancer will be cured, and there are steps we can take to help prevent more cases of skin cancer in the future. American Academy of Dermatology guidelines recommend regular use of sunscreen SPF 15 or higher, wearing protective clothing and a wide-brimmed hat, avoiding sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., seeking shade, performing regular self-exams and seeing a dermatologist if any suspicious lesions are noticed.

Along with providing full skin checks and educating people about sun avoidance, dermatologists can offer their patients medications that may prevent the development of some skin cancers. This practice of chemoprevention has the potential to radically alter our approach to skin cancer management. In addition to diagnosing and treating already-established skin cancers, dermatologists may soon be able to arm patients at high risk for skin cancer with topical regimens capable of stopping these growths from developing. There are many topical agents being studied for the prevention of skin cancer. Some of the most promising candidates for skin cancer chemoprevention include:

  • Retinoids: Studies have shown that taking high doses of retinoids can prevent skin cancers. However, serious side effects, including liver toxicity, sun sensitivity and raising cholesterol, preclude their widespread use. Lower doses of these agents are being studied for patients with genetic syndromes that place them at very high risk for skin cancer. Topical retinoids, which are commonly used to treat acne and skin aging, are much easier to tolerate. One of these, Retin A, is currently being studied for its ability to decrease formation of skin cancers.
  • Fluorouracil: Efudex and Carac are two brands of 5- fluorouracil (or 5-FU) that are used to treat pre-cancerous skin lesions called actinic keratoses (AKs). AKs are thought to represent precursors to squamous cell carcinoma, one type of skin cancer. 5-FU can be used to treat individual AKs. It can also be used to treat an an entire body region with significant sun damage, such as the arm or face, another potential strategy to reduce the occurrence of skin cancers.
  • Dimericine: Dimericine, also known as T4N5 endonuclease, is an enzyme that repairs DNA damage from UV exposure. Its application was shown to decrease the incidence of AKs. Dimericine is not currently available, although topical lotions containing other DNA repair enzymes are.
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More About Doctor Herschenfeld, M.D.

Dr. Rachel Herschenfeld's practice is based in Wellesley, Massachusetts. After graduating from Harvard Medical School, she completed residencies in Internal Medicine and Dermatology, then joined two other dermatologists to found Dermatology Partners, Inc. Dr. Herschenfeld is board certified in Dermatology, and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology. Dr. Herschenfeld performs cosmetic procedures including Botox, Restylane, collagen, Sculptra, and laser treatments for many conditions.
Dr. Rachael Herschenfeld is a practicing dermatologist. Her answers here should not replace medical advice. To submit a question, e-mail skincare
@washingtonpost.com
. We reserve the right to edit submitted questions for length and clarity and cannot guarantee that all questions will be answered.

Doctor Q&A

Thanks for your recent article in the washingtonpost.com on men's skin care; us guys really like the useful tips too! As a 37-year-old, I'm trying to hang onto my youth (albeit by a thread!). I have a question regarding the dark circles under the eyes: in lieu of expensive laser surgery, can you recommend a product that would help reduce their appearance? I've used the new Loreal men's product, but it hasn't worked for me. Unfortunately the dark circles run in my family, and I'm doing my best to combat it.
- S.R.
Topical creams do not work well to reduce the appearance of under-eye circles. Although eye creams improve the appearance of eyelid skin by moisturizing it and increasing the reflection of light from the skin surface this is not enough to get rid of dark circles. Injectable fillers, such as Restylane, Juvederm and Sculptra can often improve the appearance of under-eye circles by filling in the hollow area known as the tear trough. Concealers also help to lighten that area.
Does there come a time when the benefits of Retin A fade? I'm male and 60 and have been using Retin A every night for over three years -- with excellent results. But do results peak? After that, is their a maintenance routine? Also, can Retin A be used together with a product like Cerave?
- C. R.
Retin A can help to smooth fine lines, improve skin texture and fade brown spots on the face. It cannot remove all lines, and it will not remove all brown spots, so there is certainly a limit to what it can accomplish. That does not mean that you should stop using it. Skin is constantly exposed to sunlight, so sun damage and aging changes continue. Retin A can help to fade accumulating damage. It can also help to prevent some of the damage caused by sun exposure and maybe help to prevent some skin cancers. So, in addition to being an effective treatment for aging skin, it is an essential part of a good skin care maintenance regimen. I usually recommend the use of a moisturizer such as Cerave along with Retin A to minimize the development of dryness and irritation.
I have been using a Nivea for Men product containing an SPF 15 sunscreen and Q10 on my face for several years. How does it compare to those products discussed in you "Men Are Different" piece appearing The Washington Post?
- S. J.
The other products mentioned in last month's column include sunscreen, Retin A and glycolic acid. There is more convincing evidence for the use of these products for anti-aging than there is for the use of CoQ10. CoQ10 is an antioxidant. Although there are reasons to believe that antioxidants can protect the skin from UV-induced damage, there are no good research studies specifically demonstrating the effectiveness of CoQ10 containing creams in reversing aging changes in the skin. You will certainly benefit from the sunscreen in your current product, and the CoQ10 may help as well.

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