Joe Barton was first elected to the U.S. House in 1984 with 57 percent of the vote, defeating Democrat Dan Kubiak, a former state legislator. He replaced Republican Phil Gramm, who won a bid for U.S. Senate.
Barton defeated Democrat John Welch in 1990 with 67 percent of the vote. He was re-elected in 1992 with 72 percent of the vote, defeating Democrat John Dietrich. He defeated Democrat Terry Jesmore in 1994 with 76 percent. He was re-elected in 1996 without major party opposition.
Barton was re-elected in 1998, defeating Democrat Ben Boothe with 73 percent of the vote. He was opposed by Libertarian Frank Brady in the general election in 2000. He was re-elected in 2000 with 88 percent of the vote.
In 2002, Barton was re-elected with 70 percent of the vote, defeating Fort Worth teacher Felix Alvarado.