Sanford Bishop was elected to the Georgia House in 1977. He served there until 1990, when he was elected to the state Senate. He was elected to the U.S. House in 1992 with 64 percent of the vote, defeating Republican Jim Dudley. He was re-elected in 1994, defeating Republican John Clayton with 66 percent of the vote.
In 1996, he was re-elected with 54 percent of the vote against Republican Darrel Ealum. He won re-election in 1998, defeating Republican Joseph McCormick with 57 percent of the vote. In 2000, he defeated with 53 percent of the vote Dylan Glenn, a black Republican who lost in the primary two years earlier.
He faced no opposition in 2002.