After Rep. Herbert H. Bateman cited health concerns in announcing his plans to retire Jo Ann Davis was among more than a half-dozen Republicans who expressed interest in the seat. Five ultimately remained on the ballot in the 2000 primary, including Davis and wealthy Williamsburg businessman Paul Jost, who spent more than $1 million on the primary campaign and held the endorsement of Gov. Jim Gilmore. Nevertheless, Davis won with 35 percent of the vote to 30 percent for Jost in a race notable for its rancor. Bateman died in September of 2000.
In the general election in November 2000, Davis easily defeated Democrat Lawrence A. Davies, a former mayor of Fredericksburg, making her the first woman to be elected to Congress from Virginia.
Davis was unopposed in the 2002 general election.