Mike Conaway defeated Bill Lester, of Brownwood, Texas, in the 2004 GOP primary for congressional District 11.
In 2003, Conaway ran in the special election for the 19th District congressional seat being vacated by U.S. Rep. Larry Combest, R-Lubbock, who retired. Conaway advanced to the runoff but was defeated by Republican Randy Neugebauer by less than 600 votes, earning 49 percent of the vote.