Saudi-born millionaire Osama bin Laden has been linked to terrorist acts and militant Muslim organizations across the globe and is said to command forces numbering 3,000. The U.S. government's campaign against bin Laden dates to 1991, when he arrived in Sudan following the end of the Afghan struggle against the Soviet Union. That campaign has intensified since U.S. officials found bin Laden responsible for two Aug. 7 attacks on embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi.

Afghanistan
Bin Laden financed, outfitted, performed logistics projects and reportedly led military operations for Afghan factions fighting the 1979-89 Soviet occupation. Since the war, he has acted as key financier of a training camp that provides terrorist training to the Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Islamic Group, Pakistan's Harkat Ansar, Algeria's Armed Islamic Group and others. He lives in Afghanistan as a guest of the dominant Taliban Islamic movement.

Albania
Some Muslim charitable organizations may be operating as a front for terrorism and possibly for guerrilla operations in the neighboring Yugoslav region of Kosovo. In June, the United States assis-ted in the capture of members of Egypt's Islamic Jihad -- a group with ties to bin Laden -- and their extradition to Egypt.

U.S. officials say an attempt to bomb the U.S. Embassy in Tirana was thwarted this month. Islamic Jihad leader Ayman Zawahri, a close associate of bin Laden, had warned earlier of retaliation for the extradition of his operatives.

Bosnia
Bin laden formed alliances with Bosnian Muslims during Bosnia's 1992-95 war. He reportedly funneled money and arms to Bosnia's Muslim-led government, and followers of bin Laden were among guerrillas from other nations who fought alongside the Bosnian Muslims.

Algeria
Bin Laden has formed alliances with the Armed Islamic Group -- the most radical of the militant Muslim organizations that have been fighting to overthrow Algeria's military-backed government -- as well as other armed Islamic organizations.

Since 1992, repeated massacres of civilians have been blamed on the Armed Islamic Group.

Chechnya
Bin Laden has formed alliances with Muslim rebels who fought for independence from Russia in 1994-96.

Egypt
In addition to supporting Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Group, two groups fighting to topple President Hosni Mubarak's government, bin Laden formed the International Islamic Front, an umbrella organization comprising those two groups and other formerly unallied organizations from Pakistan and Bangladesh.

The massacre near Luxor by members of the Islamic Group that killed 58 foreign tourists in November 1997 may have been planned by bin Laden.

Ethiopia
Bin Laden reportedly has trained members of the Oromo Islamic Front, a separatist group.

Bin Laden is accused of masterminding the unsuccessful attempt on Mubarak's life in Addis Ababa in 1995.

Eritrea
Bin Laden reportedly has trained members of the Eritrean Islamic Jihad.

Kenya
U.S. intelligence links bin Laden to the bombing of the U.S. Embassy on Aug. 7, which killed 253 people, including 12 Americans, and injured more than 5,000.

Pakistan
Bin Laden has trained Muslim separatist guerrillas fighting Indian security forces in India's portion of the disputed Kashmir region. Principal among the bin Laden-backed groups is the Harakat Ansar, which was supported by Pakistan until the group was placed on the State Department's list of terrorist groups in 1997.

Phillipines
U.S. officials believe bin Laden was involved in an aborted 1995 plan to blow up the pope with a fragmentation bomb during his visit to the country.

Saudia Arabia
The son of one of Saudi Arabia's wealthiest construction magnates, bin Laden has exhorted his followers to topple the ruling Saud monarchy because he says it has defiled Islam's holy places by allowing American troops to be stationed in the country. He has supported many Saudi opposition groups, and many more claim him as their inspiration.

U.S. officials suspect bin Laden was involved in the truck-bomb attack on the Khobar Towers housing complex in Dhahran in June 1996 that killed 19 U.S. servicemen. He denied involvement but praised the attack.

Four self-proclaimed followers of bin Laden confessed to the truck-bombing of a Saudi National Guard training center in Riyadh in November 1995 that killed five Americans and two Indians. He denied involvement but praised the attack.

Somalia
Bin Laden and his associates claim to have supplied arms and men to Mohamed Farah Aideed's Somali National Alliance after the United States dispatched troops to Somalia in 1992 on a humanitarian mission.

Aideed's guerrillas shot down two American helicopters in Mogadishu in October 1993, killing 18 American soldiers. Bin Laden claims to have supplied the weapons.

Sudan
Bin Laden lived in Sudan from 1991 to 1996 and forged close political, ideological and financial ties with the ruling National Islamic Front. With the government's cooperation, he has financed at least three terrorist training camps in Sudan for Egyptian, Algerian, Tunisian and Palestinian extremists in cooperation with Sudan's National Islamic Front.

Tajikistan
Bin Laden has supported Tajik Muslim rebels and dispatched guerrillas with Harkat Ansar to fight the Tajik government.

Tanzania
U.S. intelligence links bin Laden to the bombing of the U.S. Embassy on Aug. 7, which killed 10 people and injured about 75.

United States
U.S. officials reportedly have circumstantial evidence linking bin Laden to the World Trade Center bombing. He allegedly has ties to the bombing's mastermind, Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, and Wali Khan Amin Shah, Yousef's co-conspirator in a plan to blow up U.S. airline flights.

Yemen
Media reports describe bin Laden as having established extensive training and housing operations for foreign guerrillas in northern Yemen, near the Saudi border, since 1995. He is said to be aligned with Muslim militants in the Islah party.

Bin Laden claimed responsibility for the December 1992 bombing attempt against U.S. servicemen in Aden in which two Australians were killed.

SOURCES: U.S. State Department, Congressional Research Service, staff.