Egyptian Islamic Jihad
Bin Laden has long been linked closely with the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, one of whose leaders Ayman Zawahri was convicted of participating in the 1981 assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. Zawahri is now with or near bin Laden in Afghanistan, according to terrorism experts. The Egyptian Islamic Jihad, also known as al-Jihad, has been active since the late 1970s with the goal of overthrowing the Egyptian government. Unlike the al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya, which targets mainly mid- and lower-level security personnel, al-Jihad concentrates mainly on high-profile government officials. In addition to the attack on Sadat, the group has claimed responsibility for attempted assassinations of Egypt's interior minister and prime minister in 1993. According to U.S. intelligence, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad has been associated with the terrorist facilities that were bombed in Afghanistan.

Al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group)
An indigenous Egyptian Islamic extremist group active since the late 1970s. Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman, currently in jail for the bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993, is the group's spiritual leader. Their main goal is to overthrow the Egyptian government. In the past, the group has targeted Egyptian security and other government officials, as well as tourists. The group is believed to be responsible for a 1995 attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Ethiopia.

Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
An Islamic extremist group whose aim is to overthrow the military regime in Algeria and replace it with an Islamic state. The GIA began its violent activities in 1992 after the military voided the election victory of the Islamic Salvation Front, the country's largest Islamic party. The GIA has been accused of a widespread terrorist campaign in Algeria, murdering thousands. According to U.S. intelligence, the GIA has been associated with one of the terrorist camps bombed in Afghanistan. The Algerian government has also accused Sudan of harboring the GIA.