Q&A WITH GEN. CHARLES HORNER ON THE BAGHDAD AIR WAR
Gen. Horner, the air commander for '91 Persian Gulf War, was interviewed by washingtonpost.com staff over a period of several months, ending in July 1998.

Q: What was learned from the U.S. air-war experiment in Baghdad?

Gen. Horner: We learned that we could conduct bombing attacks in urban areas with precision — an important lesson. We also learned that we could survive in heavily defended areas such as Baghdad because of Stealth [jet fighters], another blockbuster lesson that most ignore. Now what we haven't learned is how to exploit this revolutionary capability, stealth and precision. I think we learned we need to do a better job of analysis of target systems such as [enemy] "leadership" [sites] in order to have effective attacks, and I do not believe we are strong in the area of understanding other cultures, modes of leadership, and the ways to alter them so as to fit our goals and objectives in a war.