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Washington Post-Kaiser Family Foundation-Harvard University Gender Poll Results
Thursday, March 26, 1998 This Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University study is based on random telephone interviews with 1,202 adults on Aug. 14-Sept. 7, 1997. The margin of error is plus or minus 3.0 percentage points. 1.1 (Asked of half sample) First, I'm going to read you a list of topics in the news and in everyday life. For each one, please tell me if you feel you know a great deal about it, a fair amount, only a little, or nothing at all: A. Foreign Policy
Great Deal/ Only some/
----Quite a lot------ ---Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 20 6 14 80 38 42 1 0
9/7/97 Male 27 7 20 72 34 38 1 0
9/7/97 Female 13 5 8 87 41 46 * 0
B. Health care
Great Deal/ Only some/
----Quite a lot------ ---Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 52 20 32 48 33 15 * 0
9/7/97 Male 47 18 29 53 32 21 0 0
9/7/97 Female 56 22 35 43 34 10 * 0
C. What's going on in your immediate neighborhood
Great Deal/ Only some/
----Quite a lot------ ---Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 51 20 32 48 30 18 * 0
9/7/97 Male 51 19 32 49 28 21 * 0
9/7/97 Female 52 21 32 48 33 15 0 0
D. What's going on in the local schools
Great Deal/ Only some/
----Quite a lot------ ---Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 41 17 23 57 32 25 2 *
9/7/97 Male 37 14 22 62 33 29 1 *
9/7/97 Female 44 20 24 54 32 22 2 *
E. The budget deficit
Great Deal/ Only some/
----Quite a lot------ ---Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 26 10 16 73 39 34 1 *
9/7/97 Male 32 11 21 67 34 33 1 *
9/7/97 Female 21 9 12 78 44 35 1 0
F. The price of gasoline at the station
Great Deal/ Only some/
----Quite a lot------ ---Not much at all--
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 75 39 36 24 15 9 1 *
9/7/97 Male 77 41 35 22 15 7 * *
9/7/97 Female 73 36 37 25 15 11 1 *
G. The day-to-day problems and concerns of your parents and in-laws
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 50 22 28 35 22 13 15 *
9/7/97 Male 46 21 25 42 25 17 11 1
9/7/97 Female 54 23 30 28 19 10 18 0
H. Your family's financial affairs and tax situations
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 72 38 34 27 14 13 * 0
9/7/97 Male 71 37 34 29 14 16 * 0
9/7/97 Female 74 40 34 26 15 11 * 0
I. Your children's friends and their activities
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 52 25 28 23 13 10 25 0
9/7/97 Male 47 20 27 27 13 14 26 0
9/7/97 Female 57 29 28 19 12 6 24 0
1.2 (Asked of half sample) First, I'm going to read you a list of topics in the news and in everyday life. For each one, please tell me if you feel you know a great deal about it, a fair amount, only a little, or nothing at all: A. Education
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 54 20 34 45 32 13 1 *
9/7/97 Male 52 19 33 46 32 15 1 1
9/7/97 Female 56 21 35 43 32 11 1 0
B. The national economy
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 35 12 24 64 44 20 * *
9/7/97 Male 44 17 27 56 40 16 0 0
9/7/97 Female 28 7 21 71 48 23 * 1
C. What's going on in your church or other place of worship
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 44 20 23 46 18 28 11 *
9/7/97 Male 37 16 21 48 17 31 14 0
9/7/97 Female 49 24 25 43 18 24 7 1
D. The price of groceries in the supermarket
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 74 34 40 25 18 7 * 1
9/7/97 Male 64 30 35 35 24 11 * 0
9/7/97 Female 84 39 45 15 12 3 1 1
E. National defense
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 22 6 15 78 46 32 * *
9/7/97 Male 32 11 22 68 42 26 * 0
9/7/97 Female 12 3 10 87 49 38 1 *
F. What your local representative in Congress is doing
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 16 5 10 82 35 48 1 *
9/7/97 Male 19 6 13 80 35 46 1 0
9/7/97 Female 13 4 8 84 35 50 2 1
G. The personal problems of your close friends
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 46 22 25 52 29 23 1 0
9/7/97 Male 41 19 23 57 30 27 2 0
9/7/97 Female 51 24 27 48 29 19 1 0
H. What goes on at your spouse's or partner's place of work
Great Deal/ Only some/
---Quite a lot---- --Not much at all---
Great Quite Not much No
NET deal A lot NET Some at all N/A Opin.
9/7/97 All 43 20 23 27 15 12 30 0
9/7/97 Male 44 20 24 29 15 13 27 0
9/7/97 Female 42 20 21 25 14 11 33 0
3. As you may know, though women have moved into the work force in great numbers, very few top level executive and professional positions in this country are filled by women. There may be many reasons that there are so few women in these positions. Here is a list of some of possible reasons. For each one, please tell me whether you think it is a major reason, a minor reason, or not a reason why. A. Men don't want women to get ahead in the workplace
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 52 33 15 *
9/7/97 Male 43 37 20 *
9/7/97 Female 60 29 11 *
B. There are few women in high corporate positions to inspire other women to follow
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 40 41 17 1
9/7/97 Male 38 41 19 2
9/7/97 Female 42 41 15 1
C. The doors have not been open to women long enough for many women to have made it to the top
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 55 31 14 *
9/7/97 Male 53 30 17 *
9/7/97 Female 57 32 11 *
D. Most men are better suited emotionally to be executives than most women are
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 16 30 53 1
9/7/97 Male 16 31 53 1
9/7/97 Female 16 30 53 1
E. Women are more likely to bring personal and family problems to the workplace, and that interferes with their job performance
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 23 40 37 *
9/7/97 Male 22 39 39 0
9/7/97 Female 23 40 36 1
F. Because of family responsibilities, women can't work as many hours as men, and it affects their opportunities to advance
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 48 34 17 *
9/7/97 Male 42 38 20 *
9/7/97 Female 55 30 15 *
G. Women don't want to do the social activities after work that men do to advance their careers
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 18 41 39 1
9/7/97 Male 14 42 44 1
9/7/97 Female 21 41 36 2
H. Women are not as willing as men to move to different cities to advance their careers
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 31 39 29 1
9/7/97 Male 28 41 30 2
9/7/97 Female 34 38 27 1
I. Women are less likely than men to have a more senior person who will take them under their wing and help their careers Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion 9/7/97 All 40 37 21 2 9/7/97 Male 38 37 24 1 9/7/97 Female 42 36 19 3 J. Women have inadequate education and training for management leadership
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 18 30 52 *
9/7/97 Male 18 27 55 *
9/7/97 Female 19 32 49 *
K. Women don't want to be top executives or professionals
Major reason Minor reason Not a reason No opinion
9/7/97 All 11 34 54 1
9/7/97 Male 12 33 54 *
9/7/97 Female 10 35 54 2
4. Do you feel women are discriminated against or not in: A. Getting a college education
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 16 83 1
9/7/97 Male 16 84 *
9/7/97 Female 17 82 1
B. Getting into graduate professional schools, such as medical schools and law schools
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 27 69 4
9/7/97 Male 23 74 3
9/7/97 Female 31 64 5
C. Obtaining executive positions in business
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 66 32 2
9/7/97 Male 59 40 1
9/7/97 Female 73 24 3
D. Being given leadership responsibility in groups with both men and women
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 56 42 3
9/7/97 Male 48 51 1
9/7/97 Female 62 34 4
E. Obtaining loans and mortgages in their own name
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 47 48 5
9/7/97 Male 43 52 5
9/7/97 Female 51 45 4
F. Obtaining top jobs in the military services
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 68 25 7
9/7/97 Male 61 33 6
9/7/97 Female 75 18 7
G. Getting equal salaries with men for doing similar work
Are Discriminated Are not discriminated No opinion
9/7/97 All 73 25 1
9/7/97 Male 66 33 1
9/7/97 Female 80 19 1
9. Where you work, are women paid more, less, or about the same as men for doing the same job?
More Less About the same Not app. (Vol.) No opin.
9/7/97 All 1 13 74 9 2
9/7/97 Male 1 4 81 12 2
9/7/97 Female 2 22 67 6 3
10. (Asked of those who work for someone else) Where you work, do women have about the same chance as men for promotion or advancement to top executive and professional positions, or are there usually limits to how far women can advance?
Same Chance Limits Not app. (Vol.) No opinion
9/7/97 All 70 23 6 2
9/7/97 Male 76 16 7 1
9/7/97 Female 63 30 5 2
11. (Asked of those who work for someone else) Would you like to have a top executive or professional position where you work, or isn't that something you'd be interested in doing?
Yes No Not app. (Vol.) No opinion
9/7/97 All 36 57 6 1
9/7/97 Male 38 56 5 1
9/7/97 Female 34 59 7 *
12. (Asked of those who work for someone else) Is there someone in a more senior position at work who you think has actively assisted you in getting ahead in your career, or not?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 45 54 1
9/7/97 Male 45 54 1
9/7/97 Female 45 54 1
13. (Asked of those who are employed by someone else and had someone in a senior position assist them in getting ahead in their careers) Is that person a man or a woman?
Man Woman No opinion
9/7/97 All 56 43 1
9/7/97 Male 70 29 *
9/7/97 Female 40 58 2
14. (Asked of those who are employed by someone else and had someone in a senior position assisted them in getting ahead in their careers) As part of discussions about advancing your career, has this person ever given you advice about your personal life, or not?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 27 73 0
9/7/97 Male 30 70 0
9/7/97 Female 24 76 0
23. (Asked of those who have a spouse/partner that is employed) Does your (spouse/partner) work full-time or part-time?
Full Time Part Time No opinion
9/7/97 All 88 12 0
9/7/97 Male 80 20 0
9/7/97 Female 96 4 0
23.2 (Asked of those who have a spouse/partner that is employed) Do you happen to know the name of your spouse's or partner's immediate supervisor or boss at work?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 69 31 0
9/7/97 Male 64 36 0
9/7/97 Female 72 28 0
23.3 (Asked of those who have a spouse/partner who is employed) Who has a higher income, you or your spouse/partner?
Respondent Spouse Same No opinion
9/7/97 All 46 46 7 1
9/7/97 Male 72 19 8 1
9/7/97 Female 19 74 6 1
24. Have you, yourself, ever moved to another city because your spouse or partner changed jobs?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 18 82 0
9/7/97 Male 7 93 0
9/7/97 Female 27 73 0
25. (Asked of those who moved because their spouse or partner changed jobs) Did that move help or hurt your own career, or didn't it make much difference?
Help Hurt No Difference No opinion
9/7/97 All 20 19 61 *
9/7/97 Male 35 21 42 2
9/7/97 Female 16 19 66 0
26. Here are some statements which people have made about work. For each one, would you tell me whether you yourself agree or disagree: A. (Asked of those who are employed and married/living as married) Having the type of job I do makes it harder for me to do things for my family
---------Agree---------- -------Disagree---------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 37 20 17 62 22 40 1
9/7/97 Male 37 19 17 62 22 41 1
9/7/97 Female 37 21 17 62 22 40 1
B. (Asked of those who are employed, married/living as married, and have children age 17 and under) I feel bad about leaving my kids in the morning when I go to work
---------Agree---------- -------Disagree---------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 53 29 24 43 19 24 4
9/7/97 Male 54 28 26 45 19 25 1
9/7/97 Female 53 30 23 40 18 22 7
C. (Asked of those who are employed, married/living as married, and have children age 17 and under) When my children's day care arrangements fall through, and I'm late or absent, it causes problems at work
---------Agree---------- -------Disagree---------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 47 27 20 45 15 30 8
9/7/97 Male 48 25 23 46 16 29 7
9/7/97 Female 46 29 17 43 12 31 11
D. (Asked of those who are employed and married/living as married) The demands of my family make it hard for me to devote complete attention to my job
---------Agree---------- -------Disagree---------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 28 8 19 72 27 45 0
9/7/97 Male 23 6 17 77 26 50 0
9/7/97 Female 33 11 22 67 28 38 0
E. (Asked of those who are employed and married/living as married) I have not achieved everything I could have in my career, because of the sacrifices I have made for my family
---------Agree---------- -------Disagree---------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 37 21 16 62 13 49 *
9/7/97 Male 33 16 16 67 13 54 *
9/7/97 Female 43 27 16 57 14 42 0
27. (Asked of those who agree that they have not achieved everything they could have in their careers, because of the sacrifices they have made for their families) Does that bother you a lot, a little, or not at all?
-----A lot/A little-----
NET A lot A little Not at all No opinion
9/7/97 All 59 12 47 40 *
9/7/97 Male 51 12 39 49 0
9/7/97 Female 68 13 55 31 1
28. I'm going to read you a list of some goals that different people value in their lives. Some people say these things are very important to them. Other people say they are not so important. Please tell me how important each thing is to you personally. How about (READ EACH ITEM)?Is that one of the most important things in your life, very important but not most, somewhat important, or not important? How about (READ NEXT ITEM) is it: A. Being successful in a high-paying career or profession One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 9 32 39 20 *
9/7/97 Male 9 37 40 14 0
9/7/97 Female 8 28 38 26 1
B. Having lots of free time to relax or do things you want to do
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 8 41 43 8 1
9/7/97 Male 8 42 42 7 1
9/7/97 Female 8 39 44 9 1
C. Having a successful marriage
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 31 55 7 7 1
9/7/97 Male 31 56 7 6 1
9/7/97 Female 31 54 7 7 1
D. Having close friends you can talk to about things that are happening in your life
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 14 51 26 9 *
9/7/97 Male 15 47 28 10 *
9/7/97 Female 14 55 24 7 *
E. Having close relationships with your relatives
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 17 54 22 6 *
9/7/97 Male 15 49 26 9 1
9/7/97 Female 19 59 18 4 *
F. Living a very religious life
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 15 37 30 18 *
9/7/97 Male 15 33 29 23 1
9/7/97 Female 15 41 31 12 0
G. Being a good parent
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 41 54 2 2 1
9/7/97 Male 39 55 3 2 1
9/7/97 Female 43 53 1 2 1
H. Having a satisfying sexual relationship with a spouse or partner
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 15 58 18 9 1
9/7/97 Male 19 60 18 3 0
9/7/97 Female 12 57 17 13 1
I. Having an active sex life
One of most Very Somewhat Not No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 14 44 30 12 *
9/7/97 Male 16 52 27 4 *
9/7/97 Female 11 35 33 21 *
29. Considering everything, do you think it would be better if men behaved more like women, or if women behaved more like men?
Men behaved Women behaved Neither Both No
more like women more like men (Vol.) (Vol.) opin.
9/7/97 All 34 11 42 7 7
9/7/97 Male 24 17 42 9 9
9/7/97 Female 42 6 43 5 5
30. All things considered, in our society today, do you think there are more advantages to being a man, or more advantages to being a woman?
Man Woman No difference (vol.) No opinion
9/7/97 All 60 20 17 3
9/7/97 Male 60 19 18 3
9/7/97 Female 60 21 16 2
31. What do you think is the main reason for any differences there might be between men and women? Is it mainly because of the way men and women are brought up, or are the differences part of their biological makeup?
Brought Biological Both No
up Makeup equally opinion
9/7/97 All 50 37 12 1
9/7/97 Male 44 43 11 1
9/7/97 Female 55 31 12 1
32. Generally speaking, how well do you think most men understand the problems that women face: Very well, fairly well, not too well, or not well at all?
--Very/Fairly Well-- -Not Too Well/Not well at all- No
NET Very Fairly NET Not Too Not at all Opin.
9/7/97 All 34 4 30 66 46 20 *
9/7/97 Male 33 5 27 67 48 19 0
9/7/97 Female 35 4 32 64 44 20 *
33. Generally speaking, how well do you think most women understand the problems that men face: Very well, fairly well, not too well, or not well at all?
--Very/Fairly Well-- -Not Too Well/Not well at all- No
NET Very Fairly NET Not Too Not at all Opin.
9/7/97 All 64 13 52 35 26 9 *
9/7/97 Male 56 10 47 43 31 13 *
9/7/97 Female 71 15 56 28 22 6 *
34. (Asked of half sample) For each of the following, would you personally prefer to deal with a man or a woman? A. Doctor
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 36 35 29 *
9/7/97 Male 45 21 34 0
9/7/97 Female 28 47 24 1
B. Car salesperson
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 39 31 29 1
9/7/97 Male 41 26 33 0
9/7/97 Female 38 35 25 2
C. Elementary school teacher
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 8 61 30 *
9/7/97 Male 5 65 30 0
9/7/97 Female 11 58 31 *
D. Barber or hairdresser
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 23 49 28 0
9/7/97 Male 29 40 30 0
9/7/97 Female 18 56 26 0
E. Police officer
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 55 16 28 *
9/7/97 Male 55 14 31 *
9/7/97 Female 56 18 26 *
35. (Asked of half sample) For each of the following, would you personally prefer to deal with a man or a woman?
A. Elementary school principal
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 24 35 40 1
9/7/97 Male 21 36 42 1
9/7/97 Female 27 34 38 *
B. Electrician or plumber
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 62 5 32 *
9/7/97 Male 61 3 36 0
9/7/97 Female 64 7 29 *
C. Nurse
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 5 67 29 *
9/7/97 Male 6 63 31 0
9/7/97 Female 4 70 26 *
D. Insurance agent
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 31 22 47 *
9/7/97 Male 26 20 54 0
9/7/97 Female 35 25 40 1
E. A supervisor at work
Doesn't Matter/ No
Man Woman Same (vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 38 24 38 *
9/7/97 Male 39 15 46 *
9/7/97 Female 37 33 30 1
36. Has anyone ever told you couldn't do something because you were a (male/female--sex of R)
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 28 71 *
9/7/97 Male 19 80 *
9/7/97 Female 36 63 *
36.1 (Asked of those who were told they couldn't do something because of their gender) Did that bother you a lot, a little, or not at all?
------A lot/A little-----
NET A lot A little Not at all No opinion
9/7/97 All 72 48 24 28 0
9/7/97 Male 50 21 29 49 0
9/7/97 Female 82 61 21 18 0
36.2 Have you ever had sex when you didn't want to, because someone pressured you?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 21 78 1
9/7/97 Male 14 85 1
9/7/97 Female 28 72 *
37. Which of these two views comes closer to your own?:
Statement A Statement B No opinion
9/7/97 All 28 69 4
9/7/97 Male 35 61 4
9/7/97 Female 21 76 3
38. Which of these two views comes closer to your own?
Statement A Statement B No opinion
9/7/97 All 11 88 1
9/7/97 Male 11 88 1
9/7/97 Female 10 89 2
39. Generally speaking, are women capable on their own of successfully raising boys into men, or not?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 80 18 2
9/7/97 Male 74 25 1
9/7/97 Female 86 12 2
40. Generally speaking, are men capable on their own of successfully raising girls into women, or not?
Yes No No opinion
9/7/97 All 68 29 3
9/7/97 Male 67 31 2
9/7/97 Female 68 28 4
41. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements (READ ITEM). Is that strongly, or just somewhat (agree/disagree) : A. A husband's job is more important than a wife's
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 22 12 10 76 18 58 2
9/7/97 Male 19 10 9 78 19 60 3
9/7/97 Female 24 14 10 74 18 56 2
B. For a woman, taking care of the children is the main thing, but for a man, his job is
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 51 30 21 48 18 29 2
9/7/97 Male 48 26 21 51 21 30 1
9/7/97 Female 54 34 20 44 16 28 2
C. If a company has to lay off workers, they should lay off women before men
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 8 5 4 89 11 78 3
9/7/97 Male 8 5 3 88 13 76 3
9/7/97 Female 8 4 4 90 9 81 2
D. It may be necessary for mothers to be working because the family needs the money, but it would be better if she could stay home and just take care of the house and children
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 68 44 24 30 16 14 2
9/7/97 Male 69 43 27 29 17 12 2
9/7/97 Female 68 46 22 31 15 16 2
E. Everything about the care of children should be shared equally by both parents
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 93 83 10 7 5 2 1
9/7/97 Male 91 82 9 8 5 3 1
9/7/97 Female 94 84 10 6 4 1 *
F. It's generally better for a marriage if the husband earns more money than his wife
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 40 18 22 58 22 36 2
9/7/97 Male 35 13 23 63 25 38 1
9/7/97 Female 44 23 22 53 19 34 3
G. Society holds women to unreasonable standards of appearance and looks that men don't have to worry about
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 68 42 26 30 17 13 2
9/7/97 Male 62 33 29 37 21 16 1
9/7/97 Female 73 51 23 24 14 10 2
H. It is unfair that men are generally expected to hold a full-time job while some women have the choice to work full-time or not
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 55 24 31 44 22 22 2
9/7/97 Male 53 23 30 46 22 24 1
9/7/97 Female 57 25 31 41 21 20 2
I. There is too much pressure to have it all--marriage, family, and a successful career
---------Agree----------- ---------Disagree-------- No
NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.
9/7/97 All 66 45 22 33 14 18 1
9/7/97 Male 61 40 22 37 16 21 1
9/7/97 Female 71 49 22 28 13 16 1
42. (Asked of half sample) Which of the following statements comes closer to your own views?
Statement A Statement B No opinion
9/7/97 All 71 27 2
9/7/97 Male 68 30 2
9/7/97 Female 74 25 2
43. (Asked of half sample) Which of the following statements comes closer to your own views?
Statement A Statement B No opinion
9/7/97 All 78 20 3
9/7/97 Male 76 21 3
9/7/97 Female 79 18 3
44. Thinking specifically about mothers of pre-school children, who do you respect more: mothers who work full-time outside the home or mothers who stay home full-time with their pre-school children?
Work Stay Home Equal No
Full Time Full Time (Vol.) opinion
9/7/97 All 20 51 25 4
9/7/97 Male 22 52 24 3
9/7/97 Female 19 51 26 4
45. After a couple gets divorced, who do you think is usually worse off financially, the man or the woman?
Man Woman Same (Vol.) Neither (Vol.) No opinion
9/7/97 All 23 68 4 2 2
9/7/97 Male 32 56 6 3 3
9/7/97 Female 15 79 3 1 2
46. On average, who lives longer, men or women, or isn't there any difference in how long men and women live?
Man Woman No difference No opinion
9/7/97 All 3 78 18 2
9/7/97 Male 4 79 15 2
9/7/97 Female 2 77 20 1
47. On average, do women who work full-time earn more, less or about the same as men who work full-time?
More Less About the same No opinion
9/7/97 All 2 76 20 2
9/7/97 Male 3 70 26 1
9/7/97 Female 1 81 15 2
48. (Of those who think women who work full-time earn more or less than men who work full-time) Do you think the gap in pay between men and women is smaller or larger than it was 20 years ago, or is it about the same?
Smaller Larger About the same No opinion
9/7/97 All 66 13 18 2
9/7/97 Male 73 9 16 1
9/7/97 Female 60 17 20 3
50. Do you think defense spending should be increased, decreased, or kept about the same?
Increased Decreased About the same No opinion
9/7/97 All 18 27 53 2
9/7/97 Male 22 28 50 1
9/7/97 Female 14 26 57 3
51. Do you think federal spending on programs to create jobs and provide job training should be increased, decreased, or kept about the same?
Increased Decreased About the same No opinion
9/7/97 All 58 12 29 1
9/7/97 Male 53 17 29 1
9/7/97 Female 63 8 29 1
52. Do you favor or oppose the federal government providing health insurance for uninsured children?
Favor Oppose No opinion
9/7/97 All 81 17 2
9/7/97 Male 76 23 1
9/7/97 Female 85 11 4
53. Do you favor or oppose making major reductions in future spending on Medicare to help balance the federal budget?
Favor Oppose No opinion
9/7/97 All 29 68 3
9/7/97 Male 36 62 2
9/7/97 Female 23 73 4
54. Do you think most government affirmative action programs in hiring, promoting, and college admissions should be continued as they are, or should these affirmative action programs be limited?
Should be continued Should be limited No opinion
9/7/97 All 39 56 5
9/7/97 Male 33 64 3
9/7/97 Female 44 49 7
58. How important is religion in your daily life--is it extremely important, very important, somewhat important, or not at all important?
Extremely Very Somewhat Not at all No
Important Important Important Important Opinion
9/7/97 All 24 30 34 12 *
9/7/97 Male 19 24 41 15 *
9/7/97 Female 28 36 28 8 0
59. How often do you attend religious services?
More than Once A Twice A Few Times No
Once a week Week Month A Year Seldom Never opin.
9/7/97 All 16 28 11 18 13 13 *
9/7/97 Male 14 26 11 21 15 14 *
9/7/97 Female 19 30 12 16 11 12 0
60. About how often do you pray? Several times a day, once a day, several times a week, once a week, less than once a week, or never?
Several Once Several Once Less Than No
A Day A Day A week a week Once A week Never opin.
9/7/97 All 37 26 12 7 10 8 1
9/7/97 Male 30 23 12 10 14 10 *
9/7/97 Female 43 29 11 4 7 6 1
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