The wildfires that raced across California in 2017 caused historic levels of death and destruction.

Nearly 9,000 wildfires tore through the state, burning 1.2 million acres of land (an area the size of Delaware or the Larsen C iceberg), destroying more than 10,800 structures and killing at least 46 people.

State of fire

Fires have erupted as far north as the Klamath National Forest, on the Oregon border, and as far south as San Diego. They also have ravaged forests along the Sierra Nevada mountains.

Wallow

 

Nuns

 

—Sacramento

Tubbs

 

Atlas

San

Francisco

Detwiler

Thomas

 

Los Angeles—

Canyon

San Diego

100 MILES

Steele

Oak

Wallow

 

Cove

 

Eureka

Redding

Redwood

Valley

 

Nuns

 

Sacramento

Tubbs

 

Santa

Rosa

Atlas

San

Francisco

Detwiler

Fresno

Pier

Garza

Bakersfield

Alamo

Thomas

 

Creek

Santa

Barbara

Los Angeles

Canyon

50 MILES

San Diego

Steele

Oak

Wallow

 

Cove

 

Eureka

Redding

Redwood

Valley

 

Nuns

 

Sacramento

Tubbs

 

Santa

Rosa

Atlas

San

Francisco

Detwiler

San Jose

Fresno

Pier

Garza

Bakersfield

Alamo

Thomas

 

Creek

Santa

Barbara

Los Angeles

Canyon

50 MILES

San Diego

Some blazes engulfed areas surrounding major cities, including Los Angeles and Santa Rosa, burning through mountainsides in fiery spectacles some witnesses described as a “real life apocalypse.”

A nearly unstoppable inferno

The Thomas Fire was first reported on Dec. 4 and became a blazing behemoth that has scorched more than 280,000 acres across Southern California.

It’s the largest fire ever to be recorded in California — so large it would engulf much of the Washington metropolitan area.

Click to compare the Thomas Fire perimeter to a location

The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection received its first reports near the city of Santa Paula in Ventura County, about 50 miles northwest of Los Angeles.

In the ensuing weeks, the Thomas Fire raced west, prompting mandatory evacuations in cities and towns across Ventura and Santa Barbara counties and burning hundreds of thousands of acres of land.

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It destroyed 1,063 structures and killed one person, a 32-year-old firefighter from Escondido, Calif.

And it’s still burning. As of Wednesday, state fire officials said the blaze is about 92 percent contained. A full containment, they estimated, won’t happen until late January.

A firefighter extinguishes a flaming palm tree as the Thomas Fire rages through La Conchita south of Carpinteria. (Stuart Palley for the Washington Post)

Destroyed houses in the Coffey Park neighborhood after the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa. (Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP)

A destructive year

Weather contributed significantly to this year’s outbreak of wildfires.

A wet winter and spring allowed undergrowth to flourish. Then, a hot dry summer turned the new growth to tinder.

As fires ignited – from human sources in most cases – high winds carried the embers and spread them.

Most of California’s largest wildfires have occured within the past 30 years.

The Thomas Fire’s reach across Southern California surpasses the Cedar Fire, which destroyed more than 273,000 acres near San Diego in 2003.

Five of California’s most destructive wildfires – those that caused significant damage to buildings and infrastructure – on record occurred in 2017, including the Thomas Fire.

Top 20 largest fires in

California history

Acres burned

0

150K

281,893

acres burned

(as of Jan. 3)

Thomas (2017)

Cedar (2003)

Rush (2012)

Rim (2013)

Zaca (2007)

Matilija (1932)

Witch (2007)

Klamath Theater Complex (2008)

Marble Cone (1977)

Laguna (1970)

Basin Complex (2008)

Day (2006)

Station (2009)

Rough (2015)

McNally (2002)

Stanislaus Complex (1987)

Big Bar Complex (1999)

Happy Camp Complex (2014)

Soberanes (2016)

Campbell Complex (1990)

Top 20 most destructive fires

Structures destroyed

0

2K

4K

Tubbs (2017)

Tunnel (1991)

Cedar (2003)

Valley (2015)

Witch (2007)

Nuns (2017)

Thomas (2017)

Old (2003)

Jones (1999)

Butte (2015)

Atlas (2017)

Paint (1990)

Fountain (1992)

Sayre (2008)

City of Berkeley (1923)

Harris (2007)

Redwood Valley (2017)

Bel Air (1961)

Laguna (1993)

Erskine (2016)

 

Most destructive fires

largest fires in

California history

Structures destroyed

Acres burned

0

2K

4K

0

150K

5,643

structures

destroyed

281,893

acres burned

(as of Jan. 3)

Thomas (2017)

Tubbs (2017)

Cedar (2003)

Tunnel (1991)

Rush (2012)

Cedar (2003)

Rim (2013)

Valley (2015)

Zaca (2007)

Witch (2007)

Matilija (1932)

Nuns (2017)

Witch (2007)

Thomas (2017)

Klamath Theater Complex (2008)

Old (2003)

Marble Cone (1977)

Jones (1999)

Laguna (1970)

Butte (2015)

Basin Complex (2008)

Atlas (2017)

Day (2006)

Paint (1990)

Station (2009)

Fountain (1992)

Rough (2015)

Sayre (2008)

McNally (2002)

City of Berkeley (1923)

Stanislaus Complex (1987)

Harris (2007)

Big Bar Complex (1999)

Redwood Valley (2017)

Happy Camp Complex (2014)

Bel Air (1961)

Soberanes (2016)

Laguna (1993)

Campbell Complex (1990)

Erskine (2016)

most destructive fires

largest fires in California history

281,893

acres burned

(as of Jan. 3)

Thomas (2017)

Tubbs (2017)

5,643

structures

destroyed

Cedar (2003)

Tunnel (1991)

Rush (2012)

Cedar (2003)

Rim (2013)

Valley (2015)

Zaca (2007)

Witch (2007)

Matilija (1932)

Nuns (2017)

1,355

Witch (2007)

Thomas (2017)

1,063

(as of Jan. 3)

Old (2003)

Klamath Theater Complex (2008)

Marble Cone (1977)

Jones (1999)

Laguna (1970)

Butte (2015)

Basin Complex (2008)

781

Atlas (2017)

Day (2006)

Paint (1990)

Station (2009)

Fountain (1992)

Rough (2015)

Sayre (2008)

McNally (2002)

City of Berkeley (1923)

Stanislaus Complex (1987)

Harris (2007)

Big Bar Complex (1999)

Redwood Valley (2017)

544

Happy Camp Complex (2014)

Bel Air (1961)

Soberanes (2016)

Laguna (1993)

Campbell Complex (1990)

Erskine (2016)

0

100K

200K

300K

0

1K

2K

3K

4K

5K

6K

Acres burned

Structures destroyed

In October, more than a dozen wildfires ripped across Northern California. The Nuns, Tubbs, Atlas and Redwood Valley fires stand out as among the most damaging to ever hit the state.

They started within a day of each other in early October and continued burning for nearly three weeks.

Collectively, the four fires turned more than 181,000 acres of forests, vineyards and farmland into barren lands. Despite burning half the land the Thomas Fire consumed, the blazes destroyed nearly eight times as many structures.

The wildfires also killed about 40 people and injured 44.

California may not see a reprieve this winter. The National Interagency Fire Center’s Predictive Outlook for 2018 for the first time is forecasting above normal large fire potential due to the persistence of dry fuels, frequent offshore winds and generally unfavorable weather.

Armand Emamdjomeh and Chris Alcantara contributed to this report.

About this story

2017 fire boundaries are from USGS GeoMAC Wildland Fire Support, as of December 28, 2017. Historic and current year fire size and structures burned data are from CalFire. Current fire status data are from the National Wildfire Coordinating Group’s InciWeb Incident Information System. Land cover data from USGS National Land Cover Database. State boundaries from Natural Earth.

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