Pandas
Nothing can ever replace Mei Xiang and her as-yet-unnamed female cub in our hearts, but there are still a lot of places you can watch other pandas online. If you want domestic baby pandas, the Atlanta Zoo has not one but two baby pandas, also not named yet, that make appearances on its panda cam. (Fun fact: Pandas are typically not named until 100 days after birth.) For adult pandas, the San Diego Zoo runs a panda cam, as does the Memphis Zoo. If you're willing to watch pandas overseas, there's a site with streams from the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in the Sichuan province in Southwest China featuring an awful lot of pandas ranging from cubs to adults. Unfortunately, as of posting time, it is night there.
Other exotic animals
But if you just want exotic animals and don't care if they're pandas, your options open up even more. The Houston Zoo runs giraffe, chimpanzee and elephant cams among others. The Toledo Zoo can help you out with elephants too, as well as primates, seals and polar bears. If you want to be freed from the confines of zoos, Explore.org offers several cams of animals in the wild — like this one of bears in Alaska. Unfortunately, some of their cams (including most of the bear ones) appear to be run by the National Park Service, and it's not clear if they will remain up throughout a shutdown since most of their staff is being furloughed. But luckily, their bison cam is from Canada, so it will probably stay intact.
Puppies!