In an inauguration unlike any other, President Biden’s words made history in two ways.

As he surveyed the challenges the nation faces, Biden used words such as inequity, pandemic and extremism, downbeat words never said before in any previous inaugural address going back to George Washington’s in 1789.

And yet the new president also repeated, more than any predecessor, hopeful words, referring to America and love as he shared his vision for the country and pleaded for unity. More than a quarter of all inaugural mentions of unity came on Wednesday from Biden.

WORDS PRESIDENT BIDEN SAID

FOR THE FIRST TIME

IN ANY INAUGURAL ADDRESS

WORDS PRESIDENT BIDEN SAID

FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ANY

INAUGURAL ADDRESS

There's one verse that stands out, at least for me, and it goes like this:

A story that might sound something like a song that means a lot to me. It's called American

Anthem.

bed

I understand they worry about their jobs. I understand, like my dad, they lay in

at night, staring at the ceiling, wondering, can I keep my health care?

block

outbreak in China. My administration will take all necessary steps to safeguard our citizens from this threat.

rs ago, at another inaugural, thousands of protesters tried to

cascading

mise you, we will be judged, you and I, by how we resolve these

crises of our era. Will we rise to the occasion, is the question.

crucible

of history and hope of renewal and resolve through a

for the ages. America has been tested anew and America has risen to the

fantasy

I know speaking of unity can sound to some to some like a foolish

these days. I know the forces that divide us are deep and they are real,

extremism,

Uniting to fight the foes we face: anger, resentment, hatred

lawlessness, violence, disease, joblessness and hopelessness.

folks,

d protect our nation, to defend the truth and defeat the lies. Look,

the deaths of countless men, women, and children. He directed the December assault

hardening

We can do this if we open our souls instead of

our hearts. If we show a little tolerance and humility, and if we're willing to stan

sting

our democracy and on truth, a raging virus, growing inequity, the

of systemic racism, a climate in crisis, America's role in the world

joblessness

ent, hatred, extremism, lawlessness, violence, disease,

and hopelessness. With unity, we can do great things, important things.

manipulated

And we must reject the culture in which facts themselves are

and even manufactured. My fellow Americans. We have to be different than this

nativism,

e're all created equal and the harsh, ugly reality that racism,

fear, demonization have long torn us apart.

pandemic

We must set aside politics and finally face this

as One Nation. One Nation. And I promise you this, as the Bible says, “Weeping may e

riotous

in eternal peace. And here we stand just days after a

mob thought they could use violence to silence the will of the people, to stop the work of our

setbacks,

eat Depression, world war, 9/11, through struggle, sacrifice and

our better angels have always prevailed. In each of these mom

shoes,

little tolerance and humility, and if we're willing to stand in the other person's

as my mom would say, just for a moment, stand in their shoes.

I understand they worry about their jobs.

fellow Americans view the future with fear and

trepidation.

We can join forces, stop the shouting and lower the

temperature.

For without unity, there is no peace, only bitterness and fury.

an the time we're in now. Once-in-a-century virus that silently

stalks

the country. It's taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War II

winter. We're entering what may be the

toughest

and deadliest period of the virus. We must set aside politics and

from the same sources you do. We must end this

uncivil

war that pits red against blue, rural versus urban, rural versus urban,

And I promise you this, as the Bible says,

Weeping

may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning.”

attack on our democracy and on truth, a raging

virus

growing inequity, the sting of systemic racism, a climate in crisis,

WORDS PRESIDENT BIDEN SAID

FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ANY

INAUGURAL ADDRESS

There's one verse that stands out, at least for me, and it goes like this:

A story that might sound something like a song that means a lot to me. It's called American

Anthem.

bed

I understand they worry about their jobs. I understand, like my dad, they lay in

at night, staring at the ceiling, wondering, can I keep my health care?

block

outbreak in China. My administration will take all necessary steps to safeguard our citizens from this threat.

rs ago, at another inaugural, thousands of protesters tried to

cascading

mise you, we will be judged, you and I, by how we resolve these

crises of our era. Will we rise to the occasion, is the question.

crucible

of history and hope of renewal and resolve through a

for the ages. America has been tested anew and America has risen to the

fantasy

can deliver racial justice and we can make America once again the leading force for good in the world. I know speaking of unity can sound to some like a foolish

these days. I know the forces that divide us are deep and they are real,

extremism,

Uniting to fight the foes we face: anger, resentment, hatred

lawlessness, violence, disease, joblessness and hopelessness.

folks,

d protect our nation, to defend the truth and defeat the lies. Look,

the deaths of countless men, women, and children. He directed the December assault

hardening

We can do this if we open our souls instead of

our hearts. If we show a little tolerance and humility, and if we're willing to stan

sting

our democracy and on truth, a raging virus, growing inequity, the

of systemic racism, a climate in crisis, America's role in the world

joblessness

ent, hatred, extremism, lawlessness, violence, disease,

and hopelessness. With unity, we can do great things, important things.

manipulated

And we must reject the culture in which facts themselves are

and even manufactured. My fellow Americans. We have to be different than this

nativism,

e're all created equal and the harsh, ugly reality that racism,

fear, demonization have long torn us apart.

pandemic

We must set aside politics and finally face this

as One Nation. One Nation. And I promise you this, as the Bible says, “Weeping may e

riotous

in eternal peace. And here we stand just days after a

mob thought they could use violence to silence the will of the people, to stop the work of our

setbacks,

eat Depression, world war, 9/11, through struggle, sacrifice and

our better angels have always prevailed. In each of these mom

shoes,

little tolerance and humility, and if we're willing to stand in the other person's

as my mom would say, just for a moment, stand in their shoes.

I understand they worry about their jobs.

fellow Americans view the future with fear and

trepidation.

We can join forces, stop the shouting and lower the

temperature.

For without unity, there is no peace, only bitterness and fury.

an the time we're in now. Once-in-a-century virus that silently

stalks

the country. It's taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War II

winter. We're entering what may be the

toughest

and deadliest period of the virus. We must set aside politics and

from the same sources you do. We must end this

uncivil

war that pits red against blue, rural versus urban, rural versus urban,

And I promise you this, as the Bible says,

Weeping

may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning.”

attack on our democracy and on truth, a raging

virus

growing inequity, the sting of systemic racism, a climate in crisis,

Biden and the dignitaries attending his inaugural walked down halls in the Capitol where violent rioters roamed weeks ago. They emerged onto the Capitol’s West Front, in view of socially distanced seats and flags filling the long National Mall instead of people. Several of the new words in Biden’s speech reflected pandemic deaths, economic fallout and recent far-right violence. He was the first new president to say “white supremacy.”

His most repeated words, on the other hand, included those around more ideal themes. Biden referred to America three dozen times, more than any other president. The inaugural speech of Donald Trump, who did not attend Wednesday’s proceedings, was not far behind. Through history, some inaugural speeches haven’t used America or a variation at all.

AMERICA, AMERICAN, AMERICANS

1800s

1900s

40 times

30

20

10

Abraham

Lincoln

Franklin D.

Roosevelt

Joe

Biden

Joe

Biden

AMERICA, AMERICAN, AMERICANS

1800s

1900s

2000s

40 times

30

20

10

0

Abraham

Lincoln

Joe

Biden

AMERICA, AMERICAN, AMERICANS

1800s

1900s

2000s

40 times

30

20

10

0

Abraham

Lincoln

Joe

Biden

Along with the word unity, Biden also stood out on other collective words. He said the word you more than all other inaugural presidents, and his count for the word we was the highest since 1925.

UNITY

1800s

1900s

10

0

Dwight D.

Eisenhower

George H. W.

Bush

George H. W.

Bush

YOU

1800s

1900s

20

10

0

I promise you I will fight as hard for

those who did not support me as for

those who did.

Joe

Biden

UNITY

1800s

1900s

2000s

10

0

George H. W.

Bush

YOU

1800s

1900s

2000s

20

10

0

Joe

Biden

UNITY

1800s

1900s

2000s

10

0

George H. W.

Bush

YOU

1800s

1900s

2000s

20

10

0

Joe

Biden

In crucial things, unity;

in important things,

diversity; in all things,

generosity.

Biden, the nation’s second Catholic president, attended Mass the morning of his presidential oath. His speech included more from a collection of words relating to religion than any inaugural speech since Dwight Eisenhower. The words included faith, prayer, God and church.

FAITH, GOD AND OTHER WORDS

ABOUT RELIGION

1800s

1900s

30

20

Dwight D.

Eisenhower

Ronald

Reagan

Dwight D.

Eisenhower

FAITH, GOD AND OTHER WORDS ABOUT RELIGION

1800s

1900s

2000s

30

20

10

0

Dwight D.

Eisenhower

Ronald

Reagan

FAITH, GOD AND OTHER WORDS ABOUT RELIGION

1800s

1900s

2000s

30

20

10

0

Dwight D.

Eisenhower

Ronald

Reagan

About this story

The analysis for this story used the texts of previous American presidential inaugural speeches compiled by the American Presidency Project and a transcript of Biden’s speech.

Illustrations by Michael Hoeweler.